我正在使用Python教授编程和GUI开发的入门课程,并且发现对于刚接触编程的学生而言,压缩性最小的解决方案是使用Visual Studio进行GUI开发。
虽然使用C#和VB的GUI开发经验令人愉快,但我找不到与IronPython相同的方法。我安装了包含Visual Studio工具的IronPython 2.7.1,并创建了一个WPF IronPython项目。
我可以像VB和C#一样使用WPF表单设计器,但是,我找不到可以访问GUI元素的便捷方式(即,可以理解为学生)。例如,使用VB,您可以根据名称引用元素,然后可以修改其中的属性。我可以用IronPython(我不打算向学生展示)做的最好的事情如下:
import wpf
from System.Windows import Application, Window
class MyWindow(Window):
def __init__(self):
wpf.LoadComponent(self, 'WpfApplication3.xaml')
def Button_Click(self, sender, e):
#This is the only way I could find in which I can
#access an element and modify its properties
self.Content.Children[1].Text += 'Hello World\n'
if __name__ == '__main__':
Application().Run(MyWindow())
我注意到GUI元素没有得到名称,每当我尝试手动修改XAML以命名元素时,Visual Studio就会崩溃。以下是带有按钮和文本区域的简单框架的生成XAML:
<Window
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="WpfApplication3" Height="300" Width="300">
<Grid>
<Button Content="Button" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="103,226,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" Click="Button_Click" />
<TextBox Height="182" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="24,21,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="237" />
</Grid>
</Window>
任何帮助学生更轻松的帮助将不胜感激。我也对Python GUI开发的其他建议持开放态度,这些建议提供类似于Visual Studio的体验。
答案 0 :(得分:6)
在IronPython 2.7中,wpf.LoadComponent方法将连接任何与XAML UI元素同名的属性。如果您使用的是IronPython 2.6,那么您需要使用WombatPM建议的代码。因此,如果使用以下XAML,则使用IronPython 2.7:
<Window
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="IronPyWpf" Height="300" Width="300">
<Grid>
<Button x:Name="button" Content="Button" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="103,226,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" />
<TextBox x:Name="textbox" Height="182" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="24,21,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="237" />
</Grid>
</Window>
然后,您可以定义两个名为button和textbox的属性来访问UI元素:
class MyWindow(Window):
def __init__(self):
wpf.LoadComponent(self, 'IronPyWpf.xaml')
self._button.Content = 'My Button'
self._textbox.Text = 'My Text'
def get_button(self):
return self._button
def set_button(self, value):
self._button = value
button = property(get_button, set_button)
def get_textbox(self):
return self._textbox
def set_textbox(self, value):
self._textbox = value
textbox = property(get_textbox, set_textbox)
事实上,您似乎可以通过删除属性定义来进一步简化代码:
class MyWindow(Window):
def __init__(self):
wpf.LoadComponent(self, 'IronPyWpf.xaml')
self.button.Content = 'My Button'
self.textbox.Text = 'My Text'
不幸的是,当您尝试编辑XAML并为UI元素命名时,Visual Studio似乎崩溃,如您所见,带有空引用异常。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
您需要遍历所有对象,并使用类似函数创建更容易/可理解的引用。
#
# Waddle returns a dictionary of Control types e.g. listbox, Button.
# Each Entry is a dictionary of Control Instance Names i.e.
# controls['Button']['NewSite'] returns the button control named NewSite
# Controls should have Unique names and only those with a Name attrib set
# will be included.
#
def Waddle(c, d):
s = str(c.__class__)
if "System.Windows.Controls." in str(c) and hasattr(c,"Name") and c.Name.Length>0:
ControlType = s[s.find("'")+1:s.rfind("'")]
if ControlType not in d:
d[ControlType] = {}
d[ControlType][c.Name] = c
if hasattr(c,"Children"):
for cc in c.Children:
Waddle(cc, d)
elif hasattr(c,"Child"):
Waddle(c.Child, d)
elif hasattr(c,"Content"):
Waddle(c.Content, d)
if __name__ == "__main__":
xr = XmlReader.Create(StringReader(xaml))
win = XamlReader.Load(xr)
controls = {}
Waddle(win, controls)
#Make all Named buttons do something!
for butt in controls['Button']:
controls['Button'][butt].Click += sayhello
#Make one button do something.
controls['Button']['NewSite'].Click += sayhello2
Application().Run(win)
有关上述代码和完整示例,请参阅http://www.ironpython.info/index.php/XAML_GUI_Events_Example。