Question

我最近开始做python。我在课程结束时介绍了doctest测试。我编写了一个使用Tkinter来显示小部件的程序，它可以工作:-)。我正在使用3.7版。但是，测试它是另一回事。我可以测试简单的函数和方法，但是当方法内部有函数时，我会遇到困难。我将粘贴下面要实现的精简版本。我首先尝试了doctest，但抛出了一个错误： “ AttributeError：'function'对象没有属性'c_square'”。

    # counter.py
    from tkinter import *
    import doctest

    count = 0
    delay = 1000

    class MyClass:
        def __init__(self, master):
            master.geometry("1000x500")
            master.resizable(0, 0)
            master.title("Display a counter")
            frame1 = Frame(master)
            frame1.pack()
            label1 = Label(frame1, font = ('Courier', 15 , 'bold'))
            label1.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
            self.my_counter(label1)
            label2 = Label(frame1, font = ('Courier', 15 , 'bold'))
            label2.grid(row = 0, column = 1)
            self.square_of_count(label2)

        # This method recursively increments a counter and displays the count.
        def my_counter(self, lbl):
            def increment_count():
                global count
                global delay
                count += 1
                string = str(count)
                lbl.config(text = string)
                lbl.after(delay, increment_count)
            increment_count()

        # This method takes the square of the counter and displays the result.
        def square_of_count(self, lbl):
            def c_square():
                global count
                squ = count * count
                string = str(squ)
                lbl.config(text=string)
                lbl.after(delay, c_square)
                return squ
            c_square()

    def test_c_square(number):
        """
        >>> test_c_square(2)
        4
        """
        global count
        count = number
        master = Tk()
        frame1 = Frame(master)
        label = Label(frame1, font = ('Courier', 15 , 'bold'))
        return MyClass.square_of_count.c_square(MyClass.square_of_count.c_square)

    def main():
        """            # main body commented out for test purposes.
        root = Tk()
        a = MyClass(root)
        root.mainloop()
        """
        doctest.testmod(verbose=True)

    if __name__ == "__main__":
        main()

我正在使用单独的测试功能，以便可以初始化计数器。然后有人建议我尝试单元测试，所以我写了这个：

import unittest
import counter

class TestCounter(unittest.TestCase):
    counter.count = 2
    print("count = ", counter.count)
    def square_of_count(self):
        result = counter.c_square()
        self.assertEqual(result, 4)
        result = counter.c_square()
        self.assertNotEqual(result, 3)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

这运行时不会引发任何错误，它的目的是为变量“ count”设置一个值并读回结果。但是无论我测试什么价值，我都会得到相同的响应，因此我认为它没有用。我也尝试过在主题上进行变体，但是我只收到错误消息。

有人可以指出我做错了什么吗，我看过各种论坛和教程，但之前没有看到这个问题。我希望能得到一个容易理解的答案，我是阿斯伯格（Asperger）/阅读困难的人，阅读困难，发现很难学习新材料。作出解释更正将是最有帮助的。谢谢。

Answer 1

首先，避免这种嵌套函数。在您的特殊情况下，我强烈建议重构代码，以创建一些帮助私有方法，您可以从主要方法中调用它们，甚至创建全新的实用程序类：

class Util:
    def _init_(self):
        self.name = "Utility"
    def add_two_numbers(self, first, second):
        if(isinstance(first, int) and isinstance(second, int)):
            return first+second


class SomeFancyClass:
    def __init__(self):
        self.util = Util()
        self.constant = 4


    # This method recursively increments a counter and displays the count.
    def my_fancy_math(self, first, second):
        return self.constant * self.util.add_two_numbers(first, second)


FancyVar = SomeFancyClass()
print(FancyVar.my_fancy_math(5, 6))

如果您不想更改代码（由于某种原因），则有一种极其肮脏的方式来访问内部函数。同样，根据您的代码做出一些愚蠢的修改示例：

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# counter.py

from tkinter import *
import doctest
import types

count = 0
delay = 1000


class MyClass:

    def __init__(self, smth1):
        self.something = smth1

    # This method recursively increments a counter and displays the count.

    def my_counter(self, lbl):

        def increment_count():
            global count
            global delay
            count += 1
            string = str(count)
            lbl.config(text=string)
            lbl.after(delay, increment_count)

        increment_count()

    # This method takes the square of the counter and displays the result.

    def square_of_count(self, lbl):

        def test_function1(self, first, second):
            return first+second

        def c_square():
            global count
            squ = count * count
            string = str(squ)
            lbl.config(text=string)
            lbl.after(delay, c_square)
            return squ

        c_square()

        def test_function(self, st1):
            print(st1)

    def test_c_square(number):
        global count
        count = number
        master = Tk()
        frame1 = Frame(master)
        label = Label(frame1, font=('Courier', 15, 'bold'))
        return MyClass.square_of_count.c_square(MyClass.square_of_count.c_square)

    def main():
        doctest.testmod(verbose=True)

    if __name__ == '__main__':

        # main()

        print('done')


test_function = types.FunctionType(MyClass.square_of_count.__code__.co_consts[1],
                       {}, None, (), ())
obj = MyClass("Hi")
sum1 = test_function("", 1, 2)
print(sum1)

如何测试方法中嵌入的功能

1 个答案: