我有以下课程:
class BigNum
{
public:
BigNum(string StrNumber) : Number(std::move(StrNumber)) {}
BigNum(const char *StrNumber) : Number(string(StrNumber)) {}
~BigNum() = default;
struct
{
string HEX() { return Number + " - HEX"; }
string DEC() { return Number + " - DEC"; }
string BIN() { return Number + " - BIN"; }
}ToString;
private:
string Number;
};
最后,我要通过以下方式优雅地从该结构访问函数:
BigNum a = "1234";
cout << "a = " << a.ToString.DEC() << endl;
cout << "b = " << a.ToString.HEX() << endl;
这里的问题是我无法从我的结构访问变量Number
。
我知道这样的事情可以解决我的问题:
struct
{
string HEX(BigNum &parent) { return parent.Number + " - HEX"; }
...
}ToString;
此解决方案的问题在于,总是将指针传递给我的实例并不方便。
在这种情况下,将数据放在嵌套类中并同时保持调用像a.ToString.DEC()
一样简单的解决方案是什么?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
您必须以某种方式为ToString
提供指向BigNum
对象的引用或指针,以便您可以访问Number
。这样的事情怎么样:
class BigNum
{
public:
BigNum(string StrNumber) : Number(std::move(StrNumber)) {}
BigNum(const char* StrNumber) : Number(string(StrNumber)) {}
~BigNum() = default;
// you can make the struct private so the type is not visible externally
struct ToStringType
{
private:
const BigNum& ref;
public:
ToStringType(const BigNum& r) : ref(r) {}
string HEX() { return ref.Number + " - HEX"; }
string DEC() { return ref.Number + " - DEC"; }
string BIN() { return ref.Number + " - BIN"; }
};
ToStringType ToString{ *this };
private:
string Number;
};
Irelevant,但我建议您简单地使用单独的ToStringHex
,ToStringDec
和ToStringBin
函数。节省了不存储引用的时间,而且API通过这种方式更容易。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
我在ToString结构中看不到任何理由。
只需将方法保留在BIGNUM中即可。
但是,对于这个特定的应用程序(在ostream
中更改给定对象的渲染样式),我将使用典型的operator<<
超载来打印对象,然后修改渲染样式使用io-manipulators,这样您就可以:
cout << "a (DEC) = " << BigNum::DEC << a << endl;
cout << "a (HEX) = " << BigNum::HEX << a << endl;
完整的示例:
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
class BigNum
{
public:
BigNum(string StrNumber) : Number(std::move(StrNumber)) {}
BigNum(const char *StrNumber) : Number(string(StrNumber)) {}
~BigNum() = default;
static std::ios_base& DEC(std::ios_base& os) {
os.iword(rendering_style_xalloc) = 0;
return os;
}
static std::ios_base& HEX(std::ios_base& os) {
os.iword(rendering_style_xalloc) = 1;
return os;
}
static std::ios_base& BIN(std::ios_base& os) {
os.iword(rendering_style_xalloc) = 2;
return os;
}
private:
static int rendering_style_xalloc;
string Number;
friend ostream &operator << (ostream &ostr, const BigNum &bignum);
};
int BigNum::rendering_style_xalloc = std::ios_base::xalloc();
ostream &operator << (ostream &os, const BigNum &bignum) {
switch (os.iword(BigNum::rendering_style_xalloc)) {
case 0:
os << bignum.Number << " - DEC";
break;
case 1:
os << bignum.Number << " - HEX";
break;
case 2:
os << bignum.Number << " - BIN";
break;
default:
os << bignum.Number << " - UNK";
break;
}
return os;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
BigNum a = "1234";
cout << BigNum::DEC << "a (DEC) = " << a << endl;
cout << BigNum::HEX << "a (HEX) = " << a << endl;
}