在3D散点图中选择和删除数据点

Question

我正在尝试向我使用破折号托管的3d散点图添加交互性。我的问题包含两个相关部分：

（i）我想在3d散点图中手动选择点，然后将所选点的颜色更改为红色。选择应包括点击事件和选择事件。

（ii）我希望能够在按下某个键时从图中删除这些点，例如“删除”键。

第（i）部分类似于情节指南https://plot.ly/python/click-events/中的示例，但是on_click不能用作3d散点图的方法。

我一直在尝试使用FigureWidget，因为它显然提供了捕获点击和选择的方法，但是两天后我一直在努力取得进展。

示例数据（下面复制到剪贴板并运行df = pd.read_clipboard（sep ='，'））

id,x_val,z_val,y_val
a,11.313449728149418,0.13039110880256777,0.5386387766748618
b,11.321463427315383,0.2360697833061771,1.32441455152796
c,10.127132005050942,0.23085014016641864,1.0961116175427044
d,11.639819269465233,0.0958798324712593,0.6506370305953094
e,8.892696370438149,0.08223988244819926,0.6440321391968353
f,6.711586646011124,0.3657515974938044,
g,7.095030650760687,,0.5723062047617504
h,6.4523124528415,,1.293852184258803
i,7.165105300812886,0.4151365420301895,-0.5920674079031845
j,7.480703395137295,0.14284429977557123,1.0600936940126982
k,5.570775744372319,,
l,4.358946555449826,,

我有下面的示例代码，希望几乎可以使用（但不完全是）。这个想法是'handle_click'应该捕获点击事件。我也应该处理“选择”事件，尽管我不确定如何执行此操作，因为3d散点图不提供选择框或lassoo工具。使用回调，我什至不知道如何启动，因为没有可利用的带有3d散点图的clickData / selectionData事件（因此[Input('subindustry-dropdown', 'value')])是不正确的，请注意，子行业下拉列表不是我所拥有的东西在示例中提供了，但是我从一个下拉列表中选择了我的ID，该下拉列表在我的开发版本中返回了子行业值。）

import dash
import dash_core_components as dcc
import dash_html_components as html
from dash.dependencies import Input, Output

import plotly.graph_objs as go
import pandas as pd

external_stylesheets = ['https://codepen.io/chriddyp/pen/bWLwgP.css']

app = dash.Dash(__name__, external_stylesheets=external_stylesheets)
app.css.append_css({
    "external_url": "https://codepen.io/chriddyp/pen/bWLwgP.css"
})

app.layout = html.Div([html.Div(id = '3d-scatter'),
])


# Calculate and store data
@app.callback(Output('3d-scatter', 'children'),
               [Input('subindustry-dropdown', 'value')])
def chart_3d():          
    f = go.FigureWidget(px.scatter_3d(df, x = 'x_val', y = 'y_val', z = 'z_val', hover_name = 'company_nm'))

    f.layout.clickmode = 'event+select'
    f.data[0].on_click(handle_click) # if click, then update point/df.      

    return dcc.Graph(id = '3d_scat', figure=f)

def handle_click(trace, points, selector):
    c = list(f.data[0].marker.color)
    s = list(f.data[0].marker.size)
    for i in points.point_inds:
        c[i] = '#bae2be'
        s[i] = 20
        with f.batch_update():
            f.data[0].marker.color = c
            f.data[0].marker.size = s
    return f.data[0]

Answer 1

以下是一种解决方案，可以：

• 通过单独单击选择点

• 通过按html按钮删除所选点

• 通过按html按钮清除选择

根据此issue当前不支持在3d图中选择多个点

（使用FigureWidget似乎没有什么不同，因此我将其删除了）

import dash
import plotly.express as px
import dash_core_components as dcc
import dash_html_components as html
from dash.dependencies import Input, Output, State

import plotly.graph_objs as go
import pandas as pd
import json

external_stylesheets = ['https://codepen.io/chriddyp/pen/bWLwgP.css']

app = dash.Dash(__name__, external_stylesheets=external_stylesheets)
app.css.append_css({
    "external_url": "https://codepen.io/chriddyp/pen/bWLwgP.css"
})



import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame(columns=['x_val','z_val','y_val'])
df.loc['a'] = [11.313449728149418,0.13039110880256777,0.5386387766748618]
df.loc['b'] = [11.321463427315383,0.2360697833061771,1.32441455152796]
df.loc['c'] = [10.127132005050942,0.23085014016641864,1.0961116175427044]
df.loc['d'] = [11.639819269465233,0.0958798324712593,0.6506370305953094]
df.loc['e'] = [8.892696370438149,0.08223988244819926,0.6440321391968353]
df.loc['f'] = [6.711586646011124,0.3657515974938044,0]
df.loc['g'] = [7.095030650760687,0,0.5723062047617504]
df.loc['h'] = [6.4523124528415,0,1.293852184258803]
df.loc['i'] = [7.165105300812886,0.4151365420301895,-0.5920674079031845]
df.loc['j'] = [7.480703395137295,0.14284429977557123,1.0600936940126982]
df.loc['k'] = [5.570775744372319,0,0]
df.loc['l'] = [4.358946555449826,0,0]

def create_figure(skip_points=[]):
    dfs = df.drop(skip_points)
    return px.scatter_3d(dfs, x = 'x_val', y = 'y_val', z = 'z_val')
f= create_figure()

app.layout = html.Div([html.Button('Delete', id='delete'),
                    html.Button('Clear Selection', id='clear'),
                    dcc.Graph(id = '3d_scat', figure=f),
                    html.Div('selected:'),
                    html.Div(id='selected_points'), #, style={'display': 'none'})),
                    html.Div('deleted:'),
                    html.Div(id='deleted_points') #, style={'display': 'none'}))
])

@app.callback(Output('deleted_points', 'children'),
            [Input('delete', 'n_clicks')],
            [State('selected_points', 'children'),
            State('deleted_points', 'children')])
def delete_points(n_clicks, selected_points, delete_points):
    print('n_clicks:',n_clicks)
    if selected_points:
        selected_points = json.loads(selected_points)
    else:
        selected_points = []

    if delete_points:
        deleted_points = json.loads(delete_points)
    else:
        deleted_points = []
    ns = [p['pointNumber'] for p in selected_points]
    new_indices = [df.index[n] for n in ns if df.index[n] not in deleted_points]
    print('new',new_indices)
    deleted_points.extend(new_indices)
    return json.dumps(deleted_points)



@app.callback(Output('selected_points', 'children'),
            [Input('3d_scat', 'clickData'),
                Input('deleted_points', 'children'),
                Input('clear', 'n_clicks')],
            [State('selected_points', 'children')])
def select_point(clickData, deleted_points, clear_clicked, selected_points):
    ctx = dash.callback_context
    ids = [c['prop_id'] for c in ctx.triggered]

    if selected_points:
        results = json.loads(selected_points)
    else:
        results = []


    if '3d_scat.clickData' in ids:
        if clickData:
            for p in clickData['points']:
                if p not in results:
                    results.append(p)
    if 'deleted_points.children' in ids or  'clear.n_clicks' in ids:
        results = []
    results = json.dumps(results)
    return results

@app.callback(Output('3d_scat', 'figure'),
            [Input('selected_points', 'children'),
            Input('deleted_points', 'children')],
            [State('deleted_points', 'children')])
def chart_3d( selected_points, deleted_points_input, deleted_points_state):
    global f
    deleted_points = json.loads(deleted_points_state) if deleted_points_state else []
    f = create_figure(deleted_points)

    selected_points = json.loads(selected_points) if selected_points else []
    if selected_points:
        f.add_trace(
            go.Scatter3d(
                mode='markers',
                x=[p['x'] for p in selected_points],
                y=[p['y'] for p in selected_points],
                z=[p['z'] for p in selected_points],
                marker=dict(
                    color='red',
                    size=5,
                    line=dict(
                        color='red',
                        width=2
                    )
                ),
                showlegend=False
            )
        )

    return f

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run_server(debug=True)