Question

我在从真实的网站上抓取现实世界的数据时正在学习网络抓取。但是，到目前为止，我从未遇到过此类问题。通常，可以通过右键单击网站的一部分，然后单击“检查”选项来搜索所需的HTML源代码。我将立即跳至该示例以说明问题。

从上图中，最初没有红色标记的span类，但是当我将光标放在用户名上（甚至没有单击）时，会弹出该用户的小方框，并且还会显示span类。我最终想要抓取的是嵌入在该span类中的用户配置文件的链接地址。我不确定，但是如果我可以解析该span类，我想我可以尝试抓取链接地址，但我会保留无法解析该隐藏的span类。

我没想到那么多，但是我的代码当然给了我一个空列表，因为当我的光标不在用户名上时，该span类没有显示。但是我显示了代码以显示我的工作。

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium import webdriver

#Incognito Mode
option=webdriver.ChromeOptions()
option.add_argument("--incognito")

#Open Chrome
driver=webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="C:/Users/chromedriver.exe",options=option)

driver.get("https://www.tripadvisor.com/VacationRentalReview-g60742-d7951369-or20-Groove_Stone_Getaway-Asheville_North_Carolina.html")
time.sleep(3)

#parse html
html =driver.page_source
soup=BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser")

hidden=soup.find_all("span", class_="ui_overlay ui_popover arrow_left")
print (hidden)

是否有任何简单直观的方法可以使用硒来解析该隐藏的span类？如果我可以解析它，则可以使用“查找”功能来解析用户的链接地址，然后遍历所有用户以获取所有链接地址。谢谢。

=======================通过添加以下内容更新了问题================== =
要添加关于我要检索的内容的更多详细说明，我想从下图获得指向带有红色箭头的链接。感谢您指出我需要更多说明。

=========================到目前为止已更新的代码================== ====

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait as wait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

#Incognito Mode
option=webdriver.ChromeOptions()
option.add_argument("--incognito")

#Open Chrome
driver=webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="C:/Users/chromedriver.exe",options=option)

driver.get("https://www.tripadvisor.com/VacationRentalReview-g60742-d7951369-or20-Groove_Stone_Getaway-Asheville_North_Carolina.html")
time.sleep(3)

profile=driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@class='mainContent']")
profile_pic=profile.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@class='ui_avatar large']")

ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(profile_pic).perform()
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(profile_pic).click().perform()

#So far I could successfully hover over the first user. A few issues occur after this line.
#The error message says "type object 'By' has no attribute 'xpath'". I thought this would work since I searched on the internet how to enable this function.
waiting=wait(driver, 5).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.xpath,('//span//a[contains(@href,"/Profile/")]'))))

#This gives me also a error message saying that "unable to locate the element".
#Some of the ways to code in Python and Java were different so I searched how to get the value of the xpath which contains "/Profile/" but gives me an error.
profile_box=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//span//a[contains(@href,"/Profile/")]').get_attribute("href")
print (profile_box)

在这种情况下，还有什么方法可以遍历xpath吗？

Answer 1

我认为您可以使用请求库代替硒。

当您将鼠标悬停在用户名上时，您将获得如下的请求URL。

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

html = requests.get('https://www.tripadvisor.com/VacationRentalReview-g60742-d7951369-or20-Groove_Stone_Getaway-Asheville_North_Carolina.html')
print(html.status_code)

soup = BeautifulSoup(html.content, 'html.parser')

# Find all UID of username
# Split the string "UID_D37FB22A0982ED20FA4D7345A60B8826-SRC_511863293" into UID, SRC
# And recombine to Request URL
name = soup.find_all('div', class_="memberOverlayLink")
for i in name:
    print(i.get('id'))

# Use url to get profile link
response = requests.get('https://www.tripadvisor.com/MemberOverlay?Mode=owa&uid=805E0639C29797AEDE019E6F7DA9FF4E&c=&src=507403702&fus=false&partner=false&LsoId=&metaReferer=')
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')
result = soup.find('a')
print(result.get('href'))

这是输出：

200
UID_D37FB22A0982ED20FA4D7345A60B8826-SRC_511863293
UID_D37FB22A0982ED20FA4D7345A60B8826-SRC_511863293
UID_D37FB22A0982ED20FA4D7345A60B8826-SRC_511863293
UID_805E0639C29797AEDE019E6F7DA9FF4E-SRC_507403702
UID_805E0639C29797AEDE019E6F7DA9FF4E-SRC_507403702
UID_805E0639C29797AEDE019E6F7DA9FF4E-SRC_507403702
UID_6A86C50AB327BA06D3B8B6F674200EDD-SRC_506453752
UID_6A86C50AB327BA06D3B8B6F674200EDD-SRC_506453752
UID_6A86C50AB327BA06D3B8B6F674200EDD-SRC_506453752
UID_97307AA9DD045AE5484EEEECCF0CA767-SRC_500684401
UID_97307AA9DD045AE5484EEEECCF0CA767-SRC_500684401
UID_97307AA9DD045AE5484EEEECCF0CA767-SRC_500684401
UID_E629D379A14B8F90E01214A5FA52C73B-SRC_496284746
UID_E629D379A14B8F90E01214A5FA52C73B-SRC_496284746
UID_E629D379A14B8F90E01214A5FA52C73B-SRC_496284746
/Profile/JLERPercy

如果要使用硒来获取弹出框，

您可以使用ActionChains执行hover（）函数。

但是我认为它不如使用请求有效。

from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(element).perform()

Answer 2

Python

下面的代码将提取href值。尝试让我知道它的运行方式。

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/local/bin/chromedriver')  # Optional argument, if not specified will search path.
driver.implicitly_wait(15)

driver.get("https://www.tripadvisor.com/VacationRentalReview-g60742-d7951369-or20-Groove_Stone_Getaway-Asheville_North_Carolina.html");

#finds all the comments or profile pics
profile_pic= driver.find_elements(By.XPATH,"//div[@class='prw_rup prw_reviews_member_info_hsx']//div[@class='ui_avatar large']")

for i in profile_pic:
        #clicks all the profile pic one by one
        ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(i).perform()
        ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(i).click().perform()
        #print the href or link value
        profile_box=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//span//a[contains(@href,"/Profile/")]').get_attribute("href")
        print (profile_box)

driver.quit()

Java示例：

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class Selenium {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "./lib/chromedriver");
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        driver.get("https://www.tripadvisor.com/VacationRentalReview-g60742-d7951369-or20-Groove_Stone_Getaway-Asheville_North_Carolina.html");

        //finds all the comments or profiles
        List<WebElement> profile= driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[@class='prw_rup prw_reviews_member_info_hsx']//div[@class='ui_avatar large']"));

        for(int i=0;i<profile.size();i++)
        {
            //Hover on user profile photo
            Actions builder = new Actions(driver);
            builder.moveToElement(profile.get(i)).perform();
            builder.moveToElement(profile.get(i)).click().perform();
            //Wait for user details pop-up
            WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
            wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//span//a[contains(@href,'/Profile/')]")));
            //Extract the href value
            String hrefvalue=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span//a[contains(@href,'/Profile/')]")).getAttribute("href");
            //Print the extracted value
            System.out.println(hrefvalue);
        }
        //close the browser
        driver.quit(); 

    }

}

输出

https://www.tripadvisor.com/Profile/861kellyd
https://www.tripadvisor.com/Profile/JLERPercy
https://www.tripadvisor.com/Profile/rayn817
https://www.tripadvisor.com/Profile/grossla
https://www.tripadvisor.com/Profile/kapmem

如何从隐藏的span类HTML中抓取链接？

2 个答案:

Python

Java示例：