如何使用multipart / form-data执行ASP.NET MVC Ajax表单帖子?

时间:2009-02-24 13:22:41

标签: asp.net html asp.net-mvc

我正在开发一个ASP.NET MVC网站,该网站的表单允许使用表单标签上的multipart / form data enctype选项上传文件,如此

<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action='<%= Url.Action("Post","Entries",new {id=ViewData.Model.MemberDetermination.DeterminationMemberID})  %>'>

我如何编写这个来代替ASP.NET MVC Ajax表单?

12 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:34)

这是可能的,但这是一个很长的路要走。 第1步:编写表单

例如:

@using (Ajax.BeginForm(YourMethod, YourController, new { id= Model.Id }, new AjaxOptions {//needed options }, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" }))
{
    <input type="file" id="image" name="image" />
    <input type="submit" value="Modify" />
}

第2步:拦截请求并将其发送到服务器

<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function() {
        $("#form0").submit(function(event) {
            var dataString;
            event.preventDefault();
            var action = $("#form0").attr("action");
            if ($("#form0").attr("enctype") == "multipart/form-data") {
                //this only works in some browsers.
                //purpose? to submit files over ajax. because screw iframes.
                //also, we need to call .get(0) on the jQuery element to turn it into a regular DOM element so that FormData can use it.
                dataString = new FormData($("#form0").get(0));
                contentType = false;
                processData = false;
            } else {
                // regular form, do your own thing if you need it
            }
            $.ajax({
                type: "POST",
                url: action,
                data: dataString,
                dataType: "json", //change to your own, else read my note above on enabling the JsonValueProviderFactory in MVC
                contentType: contentType,
                processData: processData,
                success: function(data) {
                    //BTW, data is one of the worst names you can make for a variable
                    //handleSuccessFunctionHERE(data);
                },
                error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {
                    //do your own thing
                    alert("fail");
                }
            });
        }); //end .submit()
    });
</script>

第3步:因为您进行了ajax调用,您可能想要替换某些图像或multipart/form-data

例如:

handleSuccessFunctionHERE(data)
{
    $.ajax({
        type: "GET",
        url: "/Profile/GetImageModified",
        data: {},
        dataType: "text",
        success: function (MSG) {
            $("#imageUploaded").attr("src", "data:image/gif;base64,"+msg);
        },
        error: function (msg) {
            alert(msg);
        }
    });
}

MSG变量是base64加密字符串。就我而言,它是图像的来源。

通过这种方式,我设法更改了个人资料图片,之后图片立即更新。 另外,请确保添加 Application_Start(global.asax) ValueProviderFactories.Factories.Add(new JsonValueProviderFactory()); 很不错?

P.S。:此解决方案有效,所以请不要犹豫,询问更多细节。

答案 1 :(得分:33)

我遇到了这个小黑客,很好地解决了这个问题

window.addEventListener("submit", function (e) {
    var form = e.target;
    if (form.getAttribute("enctype") === "multipart/form-data") {
        if (form.dataset.ajax) {
            e.preventDefault();
            e.stopImmediatePropagation();
            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
            xhr.open(form.method, form.action);
            xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
                if (xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {
                    if (form.dataset.ajaxUpdate) {
                        var updateTarget = document.querySelector(form.dataset.ajaxUpdate);
                        if (updateTarget) {
                            updateTarget.innerHTML = xhr.responseText;
                        } 
                    }
                }
            };
            xhr.send(new FormData(form));
        }
    }
}, true);

答案 2 :(得分:5)

jquery forms plugin以这种方式支持file uploads

答案 3 :(得分:5)

  1. 你可以使用一些额外的上传者(例如jQuery multiple file uploader)(我更喜欢这种方式,我不想使用MS Ajax)
  2. 使用:

    AjaxHelper.BeginForm("Post", "Entries", new {id=ViewData.Model.MemberDetermination.DeterminationMemberID}, new AjaxOptions(){/*some options*/}, new {enctype="multipart/form-data"})
    
  3. 但在第二种情况下,我不确定它会起作用。

答案 4 :(得分:5)

我使用的代码,它的工作原理!!它是@James&#39; Fluffy&#39;的副本。伯顿解决方案。我只是即兴创作他的答案,以便MVC新手能够迅速了解其后果。

以下是我的观点:

@using (Ajax.BeginForm("FileUploader", null, new AjaxOptions { HttpMethod = "POST", UpdateTargetId = "AjaxUpdatePanel" }, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data", id = "frmUploader" })){
<div id="AjaxUpdatePanel">     
    <div class="form-group">
        <input type="file" id="dataFile" name="upload" />
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
        <input type="submit" value="Upload" class="btn btn-default" id="btnUpload"/>
    </div>

</div>}

<script>
window.addEventListener("submit", function (e) {
    var form = e.target;
    if (form.getAttribute("enctype") === "multipart/form-data") {
        if (form.dataset.ajax) {
            e.preventDefault();
            e.stopImmediatePropagation();
            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
            xhr.open(form.method, form.action);
            xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
                if (xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {
                    if (form.dataset.ajaxUpdate) {
                        var updateTarget = document.querySelector(form.dataset.ajaxUpdate);
                        if (updateTarget) {
                            updateTarget.innerHTML = xhr.responseText;
                        }
                    }
                }
            };
            xhr.send(new FormData(form));
        }
    }
}, true);

以下是我的控制员:

[HttpPost]
    public JsonResult FileUploader(HttpPostedFileBase upload)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            if (upload != null && upload.ContentLength > 0)
            {

                if (upload.FileName.EndsWith(".csv"))
                {
                    Stream stream = upload.InputStream;
                    DataTable csvTable = new DataTable();
                    using (CsvReader csvReader = new CsvReader(new StreamReader(stream), true))
                    {
                        csvTable.Load(csvReader);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    return Json(new { dataerror = true, errormsg = "This file format is not supported" });
                }
            }
            else
            {
                return Json(new { dataerror = true, errormsg = "Please Upload Your file" });
            }
        }
        return Json(new { result = true });
    }

以下是上述代码的快速说明: 通过Ajax,我将我的excel(* .csv)文件发布到Server,并使用Nuget包(LumenWorksCsvReader)将其读取到DataTable。

乌拉!有用。谢谢@James

答案 5 :(得分:2)

我实际上自己回答了这个问题......

<% using (Ajax.BeginForm("Post", "Entries", new { id = ViewData.Model.MemberDetermination.DeterminationMemberID }, new AjaxOptions { UpdateTargetId = "dc_goal_placeholder" }, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" }))

答案 6 :(得分:1)

对于那些在MVC中使用@Ajax.BeginForm进行多部分enctypes /文件上传时仍有问题的人

诊断和建议的解决方案

@Ajax.BeginForm帮助程序生成的表单元素上运行“Inspect element”工具会发现帮助程序相当莫名其妙地覆盖了指定的控制器参数。如果为部分回发实现了单独的控制器,则会出现这种情况。

问题的快速解决方法是将您的html操作属性值明确指定为/<yourcontrollername>/<youractionname>

实施例

@using (Ajax.BeginForm("", "", new AjaxOptions() { HttpMethod = "POST", UpdateTargetId = "<TargetElementId>", InsertionMode = InsertionMode.Replace }, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data", action = "/<Controller>/<Action>" }))

答案 7 :(得分:1)

我将Brad Larson的回答与Amirhossein Mehrvarzi混在一起,因为布拉德回答没有提供任何方法来处理响应,而Amirhossein造成2次回发。 我刚刚添加($('#formBacklink')。valid())在发送之前调用模型验证。

window.addEventListener("submit", function (e) {
        if ($('#formBacklink').valid()) {
            var form = e.target;
            if (form.getAttribute("enctype") === "multipart/form-data") {
                if (form.dataset.ajax) {
                    e.preventDefault();
                    e.stopImmediatePropagation();

                    var dataString;
                    event.preventDefault();
                    var action = $("#formBacklink").attr("action");
                    if ($("#formBacklink").attr("enctype") == "multipart/form-data") {
                        //this only works in some browsers.
                        //purpose? to submit files over ajax. because screw iframes.
                        //also, we need to call .get(0) on the jQuery element to turn it into a regular DOM element so that FormData can use it.
                        dataString = new FormData($("#formBacklink").get(0));
                        contentType = false;
                        processData = false;
                    } else {
                        // regular form, do your own thing if you need it
                    }
                    $.ajax({
                        type: "POST",
                        url: action,
                        data: dataString,
                        dataType: "json", //change to your own, else read my note above on enabling the JsonValueProviderFactory in MVC
                        contentType: contentType,
                        processData: processData,
                        success: function (data) {
                            //BTW, data is one of the worst names you can make for a variable
                            //handleSuccessFunctionHERE(data);   
                        },
                        error: function (jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {
                            //do your own thing       
                        }
                    });
                }
            }
        }
    }, true);

答案 8 :(得分:1)

如果您需要使用OnSuccess AjaxOption和/或在控制器中使用Request.IsAjaxRequest()来检查请求类型,即

@using (Ajax.BeginForm("FileUploader", null, new AjaxOptions { HttpMethod = "POST", UpdateTargetId = "elementToUpdate", OnSuccess = "mySuccessFuntion(returnedData)", OnFailure = "myFailureFuntion(returnedData)"}, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" }))

然后你可以使用以下代码(我已经修改了@James&#39; Fluffy&#39; Burton的回答)。如果可以的话,这也会将响应文本转换为JSON对象(如果需要,可以省略它)。

<script>
if(typeof window.FormData === 'undefined') {
    alert("This browser doesn't support HTML5 file uploads!");
}
window.addEventListener("submit", function (e) {
    var form = e.target;
    if (form.getAttribute("enctype") === "multipart/form-data") {
        if (form.dataset.ajax) {
            e.preventDefault();
            e.stopImmediatePropagation();
            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
            xhr.open(form.method, form.action);
            xhr.setRequestHeader("x-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest"); // this allows 'Request.IsAjaxRequest()' to work in the controller code
            xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
                if (xhr.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE && xhr.status === 200) {
                    var returnedData; //this variable needs to be named the same as the parameter in the function call specified for the AjaxOptions.OnSuccess
                    try {
                        returnedData = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText); //I also want my returned data to be parsed if it is a JSON object
                    }catch(e){
                        returnedData = xhr.responseText;
                    }
                    if (form.dataset.ajaxSuccess) {
                        eval(form.dataset.ajaxSuccess); //converts function text to real function and executes (not very safe though)
                    }
                    else if (form.dataset.ajaxFailure) {
                        eval(form.dataset.ajaxFailure);
                    }
                    if (form.dataset.ajaxUpdate) {
                        var updateTarget = document.querySelector(form.dataset.ajaxUpdate);
                        if (updateTarget) {
                            updateTarget.innerHTML = data;
                        }
                    }
                }
            };
            xhr.send(new FormData(form));
        }
    }
}, true);
</script>

N.B。我使用javascript函数eval()将字符串转换为函数...如果有人有更好的解决方案请注释。 我也使用JQuery JSON.parse(),所以这不是一个普通的javascript解决方案,但脚本无需运行,因此可以将其删除。

答案 9 :(得分:0)

Ajax.BegineForm()使用多部分表单数据,这是相同的工作代码示例:

查看:

@using(Ajax.BeginForm("UploadFile","MyPOC",
        new AjaxOptions { 
            HttpMethod = "POST"
        }, 
        new 
        {
            enctype = "multipart/form-data"
        }))
    {
        <input type="file" name="files" id="fileUploaderControl" />
        <input type="submit" value="Upload" id="btnFileUpload" />
    }

控制器操作方法:

public void UploadFile(IEnumerable<HttpPostedFileBase> files)
    {
        HttpPostedFileBase file = files.FirstOrDefault(); //Attach a debugger here and check whether you are getting your file on server side or null.
        if (file != null && file.ContentLength > 0)
        {
            //Do other validations before saving the file

            //Save File
            file.SaveAs(path);
        }
    }

P.S。确保文件上传器控件的“name”属性和传递给Action方法UploadFile()的参数名称必须相同(即本例中为“files”)。

答案 10 :(得分:0)

从我的小调查。上面的所有答案似乎都是正确的,具体取决于Ajax.BeginForm存在的问题。但是,我刚刚观察到问题出在某些情况下〜/ Scripts / jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js javascript库。所以在我的情况下,我只是从视图模型中删除它,并决定使用JQuery Form插件来满足我的需要以及HTML表单。这已在上面提出过。

答案 11 :(得分:0)

您可以使用此代码代替eval

  var body = "function(a){ " + form.dataset.ajaxSuccess + "(a) }";
  var wrap = s => "{ return " + body + " };"
  var func = new Function(wrap(body));
  func.call(null).call(null, returnedData);