我是WPF的新手,请多多包涵。我有一个要在WPF中重做的WinForms应用程序。在当前的WinForms应用程序中,我将所有控件粘贴到一个窗体中,并根据所单击的按钮以及使用第二个窗体来隐藏/显示它们。
我的目标:创建不同的视图,以根据所单击的按钮在不同的视图之间平滑切换,而不是隐藏控件或创建单独的窗体,然后隐藏那些。
我目前有一个MainWindow视图(我的初始启动窗口),在这里用一个按钮切换到CreateAccount视图。我遇到的问题是,如何使CreateAccount中的按钮“返回”到MainWindow?
我的最终目标是能够基于关闭按钮的点击在4个视图之间切换。
这是我的MainWindow.xaml
<Window x:Class="MusicPlayer.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:MusicPlayer"
xmlns:Views="clr-namespace:MusicPlayer.Views"
xmlns:ViewModels="clr-namespace:MusicPlayer.ViewModels"
Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
<Window.Resources>
<DataTemplate x:Name="CreateAccountTemplate" DataType="{x:Type ViewModels:CreateAccountViewModel}">
<Views:CreateAccountView DataContext="{Binding}"/>
</DataTemplate>
</Window.Resources>
<Grid>
<Button x:Name="TestButton" Content="Button" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="164,182,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="61" Width="68" Click="CreateAccountView_Clicked"/>
<PasswordBox HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="164,284,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120"/>
<ContentPresenter Content="{Binding}"/>
</Grid>
</Window>
我的MainWindow.xaml.cs
using System;
using System.Windows;
using MusicPlayer.ViewModels;
namespace MusicPlayer {
public partial class MainWindow : Window {
public MainWindow() {
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void OnClosed(EventArgs e) {
base.OnClosed(e);
Application.Current.Shutdown();
} //end of onClosed
private void CreateAccountView_Clicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) {
DataContext = new CreateAccountViewModel();
} //end of CreateAccountView_Clicked
}
}
这是我的CreateAccount.xaml
<UserControl x:Class="MusicPlayer.Views.CreateAccountView"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:Views="clr-namespace:MusicPlayer.Views"
xmlns:ViewModels="clr-namespace:MusicPlayer.ViewModels"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800">
<UserControl.Resources>
</UserControl.Resources>
<Grid Background="White">
<Button Content="Button" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="276,279,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="60" Width="59" Click="Button_Click"/>
</Grid>
</UserControl>
还有我的CreateAccountView.xaml.cs
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using MusicPlayer.ViewModels;
namespace MusicPlayer.Views {
public partial class CreateAccountView : UserControl {
//public static readonly DependencyProperty TestMeDependency = DependencyProperty.Register("MyProperty", typeof(string), typeof(CreateAccountView));
public CreateAccountView() {
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) {
DataContext = new MainWindowViewModel();
}
}
}
答案 0 :(得分:1)
在我看来,您当前的尝试是在正确的轨道上。您发布的代码的主要问题是CreateAccountView.Button_Click()
处理程序无权访问应设置的DataContext
属性:
private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) {
DataContext = new MainWindowViewModel();
}
此DataContext
属性属于CreateAccountView
用户控件。但是,这不是所显示内容的控制上下文。因此,更改该DataContext
属性的值没有任何有用的效果。 (实际上,用户控件根本不应设置自己的DataContext
属性,因为这样做会丢弃使用该用户控件设置的客户端代码的任何上下文。)
没有足够的背景信息来确切地知道您执行此操作的最佳方式。我认为不可能在Stack Overflow上提供足够的上下文。总体架构将取决于您的程序的太多细节。但是,我认为是一种很好的方法来解决这个问题:
将其转换为代码,看起来像这样……
首先,视图模型:
class MainViewModel : NotifyPropertyChangedBase
{
private object _currentViewModel;
public object CurrentViewModel
{
get => _currentViewModel;
set => _UpdateField(ref _currentViewModel, value);
}
private readonly HomeViewModel _homeViewModel;
private readonly Sub1ViewModel _sub1ViewModel;
private readonly Sub2ViewModel _sub2ViewModel;
public MainViewModel()
{
_sub1ViewModel = new Sub1ViewModel
{
BackCommand = new DelegateCommand(() => CurrentViewModel = _homeViewModel)
};
_sub2ViewModel = new Sub2ViewModel
{
BackCommand = new DelegateCommand(() => CurrentViewModel = _homeViewModel)
};
_homeViewModel = new HomeViewModel
{
ShowSub1Command = new DelegateCommand(() => CurrentViewModel = _sub1ViewModel),
ShowSub2Command = new DelegateCommand(() => CurrentViewModel = _sub2ViewModel)
};
CurrentViewModel = _homeViewModel;
}
}
class HomeViewModel : NotifyPropertyChangedBase
{
private ICommand _showSub1Command;
public ICommand ShowSub1Command
{
get => _showSub1Command;
set => _UpdateField(ref _showSub1Command, value);
}
private ICommand _showSub2Command;
public ICommand ShowSub2Command
{
get => _showSub2Command;
set => _UpdateField(ref _showSub2Command, value);
}
}
class Sub1ViewModel : NotifyPropertyChangedBase
{
private ICommand _backCommand;
public ICommand BackCommand
{
get => _backCommand;
set => _UpdateField(ref _backCommand, value);
}
}
class Sub2ViewModel : NotifyPropertyChangedBase
{
private ICommand _backCommand;
public ICommand BackCommand
{
get => _backCommand;
set => _UpdateField(ref _backCommand, value);
}
}
当然,这些视图模型仅包含 处理UI切换所需的实现细节。在您的程序中,每个程序还将包括特定于您所需的每个视图状态的内容。
在我的小样本中,“主页”视图包含几个按钮,用于选择可用的各个子视图:
<UserControl x:Class="WpfApp1.HomeView"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<TextBlock Text="Home: "/>
<Button Content="Sub1" Command="{Binding ShowSub1Command}"/>
<Button Content="Sub2" Command="{Binding ShowSub2Command}"/>
</StackPanel>
</UserControl>
子视图仅包含返回主视图所需的按钮:
<UserControl x:Class="WpfApp1.Sub1View"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<TextBlock Text="Sub1 View: "/>
<Button Content="Back" Command="{Binding BackCommand}"/>
</StackPanel>
</UserControl>
<UserControl x:Class="WpfApp1.Sub2View"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<TextBlock Text="Sub2 View: "/>
<Button Content="Back" Command="{Binding BackCommand}"/>
</StackPanel>
</UserControl>
最后,主窗口设置主视图模型,并声明用于每个特定子视图的模板:
<Window x:Class="WpfApp1.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:l="clr-namespace:WpfApp1"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
<Window.DataContext>
<l:MainViewModel/>
</Window.DataContext>
<Window.Resources>
<DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type l:HomeViewModel}">
<l:HomeView/>
</DataTemplate>
<DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type l:Sub1ViewModel}">
<l:Sub1View/>
</DataTemplate>
<DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type l:Sub2ViewModel}">
<l:Sub2View/>
</DataTemplate>
</Window.Resources>
<StackPanel>
<ContentControl Content="{Binding CurrentViewModel}"/>
</StackPanel>
</Window>
重要的是,您会看到无一个视图对象包含任何代码隐藏。当您以这种方式解决问题时,没有必要,至少不是出于控制代码中基本行为的目的。 (您可能仍会为视图对象添加隐藏的代码,但这通常仅是为了实现该视图对象特有的特定用户界面行为,而不是用于处理视图模型。状态。
使用这种方法,可以让WPF尽可能多地执行繁重的工作。它还将所有视图模型对象彼此分离。层次结构清晰:只有顶层“主”视图模型甚至知道其他视图模型。这样,子视图模型(“ home”,“ sub1”和“ sub2”)就可以在其他情况下按需重用,而无需在其中进行任何修改或特殊情况处理。
这是我上面使用的帮助程序类:
class NotifyPropertyChangedBase : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
protected void _UpdateField<T>(ref T field, T newValue,
Action<T> onChangedCallback = null,
[CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
{
if (EqualityComparer<T>.Default.Equals(field, newValue))
{
return;
}
T oldValue = field;
field = newValue;
onChangedCallback?.Invoke(oldValue);
PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
}
class DelegateCommand : ICommand
{
private readonly Action _execute;
public DelegateCommand(Action execute)
{
_execute = execute;
}
#pragma warning disable 67
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;
#pragma warning restore
public bool CanExecute(object parameter) => true;
public void Execute(object parameter) => _execute();
}