Question

我是Python的新手，我刚开始学习Django教程。我得到了创建虚拟环境，在其中安装Django，然后在其旁边设置我的项目结构的概念。但是然后，我一定搞砸了，因为尽管我刚刚安装了Django，但我的“ python manage.py migration”命令返回了一个错误，即找不到名为Django的模块。这是我所做的：

PS D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev> virtualenv kk_env
Using base prefix 'c:\\program files\\python37'
New python executable in D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev\kk_env\Scripts\python.exe
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
done.
PS D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev> pipenv --python 3.7 install django==2.2
Virtualenv already exists!
Removing existing virtualenv…
Creating a virtualenv for this project…
Pipfile: D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev\Pipfile
Using C:/Python/Python37-32/python.exe (3.7.4) to create virtualenv…
[=   ] Creating virtual environment...Already using interpreter C:\Python\Python37-32\python.exe
Using base prefix 'C:\\Python\\Python37-32'
New python executable in C:\Users\karthik\.virtualenvs\Dev-g5SlP1CQ\Scripts\python.exe
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
done.
Running virtualenv with interpreter C:/Python/Python37-32/python.exe

Successfully created virtual environment!
Virtualenv location: C:\Users\karthik\.virtualenvs\Dev-g5SlP1CQ
Creating a Pipfile for this project…
Installing django==2.2…
Adding django to Pipfile's [packages]…
Installation Succeeded
Pipfile.lock not found, creating…
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
Locking [packages] dependencies…
Success!
Updated Pipfile.lock (f002eb)!
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (f002eb)…
  ================================ 3/3 - 00:00:01
To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.
Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.
PS D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev> pipenv shell
Launching subshell in virtual environment…
Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

PS D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev> deactivate
PS D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev> kk_env/Scripts/activate
(kk_env) PS D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev> django-admin startproject dj_site
(kk_env) PS D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev> mv dj_site dj_root
(kk_env) PS D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev> cd dj_root
(kk_env) PS D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev\dj_root> ls


    Directory: D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev\dj_root


Mode                LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                -------------         ------ ----
d-----        9/27/2019  12:12 AM                dj_site
-a----        9/27/2019  12:12 AM            648 manage.py


(kk_env) PS D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev\dj_root> python manage.py migrate
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in main
    from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'django'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 16, in main
    ) from exc
ImportError: Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you forget to activate a virtual environment?

从我的PowerShell的历史中可以明显看出，我遵循两个不同教程中的约定，并且我怀疑这与搞错了有关（我的最佳猜测是使用“ pipenv” vs“ pip”安装Django。但这构成了我的第二个问题。

我现在有两个问题：

如何解决这种情况？（如果有帮助，我还将附上我的项目结构的屏幕截图）
在上一次尝试中（n次尝试之后），除了使用'pip install“ django> = 2.2，<3”'来安装Django外，我几乎遵循了相同的步骤。一切正常，除了在安装过程中未创建“ pipfile”或“ pipfile.lock”。我模糊的理解是，pipfile是项目可移植性所必需的，我真的很想在做基础知识的同时正确使用它。是（缺少pipfile）是预期的还是我最好从事园艺工作？

VS Code project screenshot

Answer 1

好像您处在错误的虚拟环境中，并且您留下了一个创建的pipenv并转到了另一个未安装Django的pipenv。

您可能是正确的，这与以下两个过程有关。相反，您可能会发现仅使用pipenv会更容易。

要点击，只需删除目录并启动一个新的powershell窗口即可。

然后，假设您已经安装了pipenv（看起来像是这样做的），那么您真正需要的就是这个：

pipenv install django
pipenv shell
django-admin startproject dj_site
cd dj_site
python manage.py migrate
...

Answer 2

您的第一个命令- PS D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev> virtualenv kk_env正在您的pwd中创建虚拟环境。

您的第二个命令-PS D:\f drive\KK\Projects\Git\python\Dev> pipenv --python 3.7 install django==2.2正在C:\Users\karthik\.virtualenvs\Dev-g5SlP1CQ创建一个虚拟环境，从输出语句可以明显看出-

Successfully created virtual environment!
Virtualenv location: C:\Users\karthik\.virtualenvs\Dev-g5SlP1CQ

现在，您正在上述虚拟环境中而不是在kk_env中安装Django。这可能是您收到问题中所述错误的原因。

您可以按照出现的顺序运行以下命令，以实现所需的功能！

virtualenv kk_venv
kk_env/Scripts/activate
pip install django

希望获得帮助！

“ ImportError：无法导入Django。”即使在Virtualenv中安装Django之后

2 个答案: