所以我对Pygame并没有那么丰富的经验，我想知道如何防止敌人重叠。我尝试了几种方法，但收效甚微。我想听听您对我该如何做的想法。我认为一个好主意是通过碰撞检测。但是我不太确定那将如何工作。
这是敌人代码：
class Enemy:
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
def draw(self):
global characterradius, characterradius1, characterradius2, characterradius3, characterradius4, characterradius5
global characterradius6, characterradius7, estanding, emoveup, emovedown, emoveleft, emoveright, enemyradiusshow
global eradius1, eradius2, eradius3, eradius4
self.enemyradiusshow = True
self.estanding = False
emoveup = False
emovedown = False
emoveleft = False
emoveright = False
if moveup:
self.y += speed
if movedown:
self.y -= speed
if moveleft:
self.x += speed
if moveright:
self.x -= speed
enemyhitbox = pygame.Rect(self.x + 6, self.y + 5, 50, 80)
self.enemyhitbox = pygame.Rect(self.x + 6, self.y + 5, 50, 80)
enemyhitboxvisible = True
self.enemyhitboxvisible = False
playerradiusvisible = False
if self.enemyhitboxvisible:
pygame.draw.rect(win, (255, 255, 255), (self.x + 6, self.y + 5, 50, 80))
if enemyhitboxvisible:
pygame.draw.rect(win, (255, 255, 255), (self.x + 6, self.y + 5, 50, 80))
if playerradiusvisible:
pygame.draw.rect(win, (80, 200, 50), (character_x - 180, character_y - 180, 150.5, 150.5))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (200, 80, 50), (character_x + 80, character_y - 180, 150.5, 150.5))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (80, 50, 200), (character_x - 180, character_y + 90, 150.5, 150.5))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (200, 150, 50), (character_x + 80, character_y + 90, 150.5, 150.5))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (150, 150, 50), (character_x - 180, character_y - 30, 150.5, 120))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (200, 70, 50), (character_x + 80, character_y - 30, 150.5, 120))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (50, 150, 200), (character_x - 30, character_y - 180, 110, 150.5))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (50, 150, 200), (character_x - 30, character_y + 90, 110, 150.5))
characterradius = pygame.Rect(character_x - 180, character_y - 180, 150.5, 150.5)
characterradius1 = pygame.Rect(character_x + 80, character_y - 180, 150.5, 150.5)
characterradius2 = pygame.Rect(character_x - 180, character_y + 90, 150.5, 150.5)
characterradius3 = pygame.Rect(character_x + 80, character_y + 90, 150.5, 150.5)
character_hitbox = pygame.Rect(character_x + 80, character_y + 90, 150.5, 150.5)
characterradius4 = pygame.Rect(character_x - 180, character_y - 30, 150.5, 120)
characterradius5 = pygame.Rect(character_x + 80, character_y - 30, 150.5, 120)
characterradius6 = pygame.Rect(character_x - 30, character_y - 180, 110, 150.5)
characterradius7 = pygame.Rect(character_x - 30, character_y + 90, 110, 150.5)
self.enemyspeed = 1
if characterradius.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.x += self.enemyspeed
self.y += self.enemyspeed
emoveleft = True
if characterradius1.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.x -= self.enemyspeed
self.y += self.enemyspeed
emoveright = True
if characterradius2.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.x += self.enemyspeed
self.y -= self.enemyspeed
emoveleft = True
if characterradius3.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.x -= self.enemyspeed
self.y -= self.enemyspeed
emoveright = True
if characterradius4.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.x += self.enemyspeed
emoveleft = True
if characterradius5.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.x -= self.enemyspeed
emoveright = True
if characterradius6.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.y += self.enemyspeed
emovedown = True
if characterradius7.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.y -= self.enemyspeed
emoveup = True
if emoveup:
win.blit(zombieupimage, (self.x, self.y))
self.emovedown = False
self.emoveleft = False
self.emoveright = False
self.emoveup = True
if emovedown:
win.blit(zombieimage, (self.x - 5.5, self.y - 4))
self.emovedown = True
self.emoveleft = False
self.emoveright = False
self.emoveup = False
if emoveleft:
win.blit(zombieleftimage, (self.x, self.y))
self.emovedown = False
self.emoveleft = True
self.emoveright = False
self.emoveup = False
if emoveright:
win.blit(zombierightimage, (self.x, self.y))
self.emovedown = False
self.emoveleft = False
self.emoveright = True
self.emoveup = False
if not emoveup:
self.estanding = True
if not emovedown:
self.estanding = True
if not emoveleft:
self.estanding = True
if not emoveright:
self.estanding = True
if characterradius.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius1.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius2.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius3.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius4.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius5.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius6.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius7.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
以下是完整的代码，以备您需要时使用：
import pygame
import time
import os
import random
pygame.init()
# Screen Resolution
screen_width = 800
screen_height = 600
# Character Variables
character_x = 380
character_y = 250
# Background Variables
backgroundx = -375
backgroundy = -255
# Images
bgimage = pygame.image.load('bg.png')
characterimage = pygame.image.load('character.png')
characterbackimage = pygame.image.load('characterback.png')
characterleftimage = pygame.image.load('characterright.png')
characterrightimage = pygame.image.load('characterleft.png')
zombieimage = pygame.image.load('zombie.png')
zombieupimage = pygame.image.load('zombieback.png')
zombieleftimage = pygame.image.load('zombieleft.png')
zombierightimage = pygame.image.load('zombieright.png')
healthbarimage = pygame.image.load('healthbar.png')
hungerbarimage = pygame.image.load('hungerbar.png')
thirstbarimage = pygame.image.load('thirstbar.png')
energybarimage = pygame.image.load('energybar.png')
healthimage = pygame.image.load('health.png')
hungerimage = pygame.image.load('hunger.png')
thirstimage = pygame.image.load('thirst.png')
vignetteimage = pygame.image.load('vignette.png')
# Movement Fix
characterbackx = 6.5
characterbacky = 5
characterleftx = 5
characterlefty = 4
characterrightx = 7.5
characterrighty = 4.5
# Bars
healthbarx = 580
healthbary = 555
hungerbarx = 580
hungerbary = 520
thirstbarx = 580
thirstbary = 485
energybarx = 765
energybary = 430
energybardraw_x = 770
energybardraw_y = 432.5
energybardraw_width = 15
energybardraw_height = 1
thirstbardraw_x = 581
thirstbardraw_y = 490.7
thirstbardraw_width = 1
thirstbardraw_height = 15
hungerbardraw_x = 581
hungerbardraw_y = 524
hungerbardraw_width = 1
hungerbardraw_height = 15
thirsttimer = 0
hungertimer = 0
notsprintthirst = True
notsprinthunger = True
sprintthirst = False
sprinthunger = False
# Settings Variables
vignettex = 0
vignettey = 0
# Settings
vignette_on = True
vignette_off = False
# Movement
timerdown = 0
timerup = 0
timerleft = 0
timerright = 0
movingdown = True
movingleft = False
movingright = False
movingup = False
able_to_move = True
moveup = False
movedown = False
moveleft = False
moveright = False
sprint = False
speed = 2.5
def loadinscreen():
loadingscreen = pygame.image.load('loadingscreen.png')
os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_CENTERED'] = '1'
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 80), pygame.NOFRAME)
bg = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
bg.fill((0, 244, 0))
screen.blit(loadingscreen, (0, 0))
pygame.display.update()
time.sleep(1)
# Tiers / Level Ups
speedtier_1 = True
# Hitboxes Variables
win = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))
character = win.blit(characterimage, (character_x, character_y))
class Enemy:
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
def draw(self):
global characterradius, characterradius1, characterradius2, characterradius3, characterradius4, characterradius5
global characterradius6, characterradius7, estanding, emoveup, emovedown, emoveleft, emoveright, enemyradiusshow
global eradius1, eradius2, eradius3, eradius4
self.enemyradiusshow = True
self.estanding = False
emoveup = False
emovedown = False
emoveleft = False
emoveright = False
if moveup:
self.y += speed
if movedown:
self.y -= speed
if moveleft:
self.x += speed
if moveright:
self.x -= speed
enemyhitbox = pygame.Rect(self.x + 6, self.y + 5, 50, 80)
self.enemyhitbox = pygame.Rect(self.x + 6, self.y + 5, 50, 80)
enemyhitboxvisible = True
self.enemyhitboxvisible = False
playerradiusvisible = False
if self.enemyhitboxvisible:
pygame.draw.rect(win, (255, 255, 255), (self.x + 6, self.y + 5, 50, 80))
if enemyhitboxvisible:
pygame.draw.rect(win, (255, 255, 255), (self.x + 6, self.y + 5, 50, 80))
if playerradiusvisible:
pygame.draw.rect(win, (80, 200, 50), (character_x - 180, character_y - 180, 150.5, 150.5))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (200, 80, 50), (character_x + 80, character_y - 180, 150.5, 150.5))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (80, 50, 200), (character_x - 180, character_y + 90, 150.5, 150.5))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (200, 150, 50), (character_x + 80, character_y + 90, 150.5, 150.5))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (150, 150, 50), (character_x - 180, character_y - 30, 150.5, 120))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (200, 70, 50), (character_x + 80, character_y - 30, 150.5, 120))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (50, 150, 200), (character_x - 30, character_y - 180, 110, 150.5))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (50, 150, 200), (character_x - 30, character_y + 90, 110, 150.5))
characterradius = pygame.Rect(character_x - 180, character_y - 180, 150.5, 150.5)
characterradius1 = pygame.Rect(character_x + 80, character_y - 180, 150.5, 150.5)
characterradius2 = pygame.Rect(character_x - 180, character_y + 90, 150.5, 150.5)
characterradius3 = pygame.Rect(character_x + 80, character_y + 90, 150.5, 150.5)
character_hitbox = pygame.Rect(character_x + 80, character_y + 90, 150.5, 150.5)
characterradius4 = pygame.Rect(character_x - 180, character_y - 30, 150.5, 120)
characterradius5 = pygame.Rect(character_x + 80, character_y - 30, 150.5, 120)
characterradius6 = pygame.Rect(character_x - 30, character_y - 180, 110, 150.5)
characterradius7 = pygame.Rect(character_x - 30, character_y + 90, 110, 150.5)
self.enemyspeed = 1
if characterradius.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.x += self.enemyspeed
self.y += self.enemyspeed
emoveleft = True
if characterradius1.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.x -= self.enemyspeed
self.y += self.enemyspeed
emoveright = True
if characterradius2.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.x += self.enemyspeed
self.y -= self.enemyspeed
emoveleft = True
if characterradius3.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.x -= self.enemyspeed
self.y -= self.enemyspeed
emoveright = True
if characterradius4.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.x += self.enemyspeed
emoveleft = True
if characterradius5.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.x -= self.enemyspeed
emoveright = True
if characterradius6.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.y += self.enemyspeed
emovedown = True
if characterradius7.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.y -= self.enemyspeed
emoveup = True
if emoveup:
win.blit(zombieupimage, (self.x, self.y))
self.emovedown = False
self.emoveleft = False
self.emoveright = False
self.emoveup = True
if emovedown:
win.blit(zombieimage, (self.x - 5.5, self.y - 4))
self.emovedown = True
self.emoveleft = False
self.emoveright = False
self.emoveup = False
if emoveleft:
win.blit(zombieleftimage, (self.x, self.y))
self.emovedown = False
self.emoveleft = True
self.emoveright = False
self.emoveup = False
if emoveright:
win.blit(zombierightimage, (self.x, self.y))
self.emovedown = False
self.emoveleft = False
self.emoveright = True
self.emoveup = False
if not emoveup:
self.estanding = True
if not emovedown:
self.estanding = True
if not emoveleft:
self.estanding = True
if not emoveright:
self.estanding = True
if characterradius.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius1.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius2.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius3.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius4.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius5.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius6.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if characterradius7.colliderect(self.enemyhitbox):
self.estanding = False
if self.estanding:
win.blit(zombieimage, (self.x, self.y))
if self.enemyradiusshow:
pygame.draw.rect(win, (255, 0, 0), (self.x - 11, self.y + 40, 15, 15))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (0, 255, 0), (self.x + 23.5, self.y + 87, 15, 15))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (0, 0, 255), (self.x + 58, self.y + 40, 15, 15))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (155, 155, 155), (self.x + 23.5, self.y - 12, 15, 15))
eradius1 = pygame.Rect (self.x - 11, self.y + 40, 15, 15)
eradius2 = pygame.Rect (self.x + 23.5, self.y + 87, 15, 15)
eradius3 = pygame.Rect (self.x + 58, self.y + 40, 15, 15)
eradius4 = pygame.Rect (self.x + 23.5, self.y - 12, 15, 15)
enemies = []
randomposx = 500
randomposy = 500
max_enemies = 10
milliseconds_delay = 1
spawn_event = pygame.USEREVENT + 1
enemie_size = zombieimage.get_size()
pygame.time.set_timer(spawn_event, milliseconds_delay)
run = True
while run:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
run = False
elif event.type == spawn_event:
if len(enemies) < max_enemies:
x = random.randint(1, randomposx - enemie_size[0])
y = random.randint(1, randomposy - enemie_size[1])
e = Enemy(x, y)
enemies.append(e)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_w:
moveup = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_s:
movedown = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_a:
moveleft = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_d:
moveright = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LSHIFT:
sprint = True
if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if able_to_move:
if event.key == pygame.K_w:
moveup = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_s:
movedown = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_a:
moveleft = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_d:
moveright = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LSHIFT:
sprint = False
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
pygame.display.update()
# Hitboxes
def background():
win.blit(bgimage, (backgroundx, backgroundy))
background()
for e in enemies:
e.draw()
def vignette():
if vignette_on:
win.blit(vignetteimage, (vignettex, vignettey))
vignette()
class Bars:
win.blit(healthbarimage, (healthbarx, healthbary))
win.blit(hungerbarimage, (hungerbarx, hungerbary))
win.blit(thirstbarimage, (thirstbarx, thirstbary))
win.blit(energybarimage, (energybarx, energybary))
win.blit(healthimage, (735, 556.2))
win.blit(hungerimage, (735, 520.5))
win.blit(thirstimage, (733.5, 486.6))
def drawbars():
pygame.draw.rect(win, (0, 0, 0), (energybardraw_x, energybardraw_y, energybardraw_width, energybardraw_height))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (0, 0, 0), (thirstbardraw_x, thirstbardraw_y, thirstbardraw_width, thirstbardraw_height))
pygame.draw.rect(win, (0, 0, 0), (hungerbardraw_x, hungerbardraw_y, hungerbardraw_width, hungerbardraw_height))
drawbars()
def hitboxvisible():
pygame.draw.rect(win, (200, 10, 50), (character_x, character_y, 50, 80))
if movingdown:
character = win.blit(characterimage, (character_x, character_y))
if movingleft:
characterleft = win.blit(characterleftimage, (character_x + characterleftx, character_y + characterlefty))
if movingright:
characterright = win.blit(characterrightimage, (character_x + characterrightx, character_y + characterrighty))
if movingup:
characterback = win.blit(characterbackimage, (character_x + characterbackx, character_y + characterbacky))
if moveup:
goingdown = False
movingleft = False
movingright = False
movingup = True
backgroundy += speed
if movedown:
movingleft = False
movingright = False
movingup = False
movingdown = True
backgroundy -= speed
if moveleft:
movingdown = False
movingleft = True
movingright = False
movingup = False
backgroundx += speed
if moveright:
movingdown = False
movingleft = False
movingright = True
movingup = False
backgroundx -= speed
def energybar_gain():
global energybardraw_height
energybardraw_height -= 0.8
if speedtier_1:
if sprint:
speed = 4
energybardraw_height += 2
sprintthirst = True
notsprintthirst = False
sprinthunger = True
notsprinthunger = False
if not sprint:
speed = 3
energybar_gain()
sprintthirst = False
notsprintthirst = True
sprinthunger = False
notsprinthunger = True
if energybardraw_height < 0:
energybardraw_height = 1
if energybardraw_height > 146:
energybardraw_height = 146
sprint = False
if notsprintthirst:
thirsttimer += 0.5
if sprintthirst:
thirsttimer += 1
if thirsttimer == 150:
thirstbardraw_width += 2
if thirsttimer > 150:
thirsttimer = 0
if notsprinthunger:
hungertimer += 0.5
if sprinthunger:
hungertimer += 1
if hungertimer == 175:
hungerbardraw_width += 2
if hungertimer > 175:
hungertimer = 0
if moveup or movedown or moveleft or moveright:
timerdown += 1
if timerdown > 12:
timerdown = 0
if timerdown == 1:
character_y -= 1
if timerdown == 2:
character_y -= 1
if timerdown == 3:
character_y -= 1
if timerdown == 4:
character_y -= 1
if timerdown == 5:
character_y += 1
if timerdown == 6:
character_y += 1
if timerdown == 7:
character_y += 1
if timerdown == 8:
character_y += 1
# Zombies Only
pygame.display.update()
答案 0 :(得分：0)
这更多是游戏设计问题，但通常为防止精灵重叠，您可以检测碰撞，然后将其位置设置为恰好不重叠的位置。最初，您可能会认为这是个怪诞的传送，但是如果每秒检测到30次碰撞（帧速率），则玩家看不到它们传送的微小距离。
检测碰撞的最简单方法是为它们提供一个由半径指定的圆形命中框。这不是一个完美的解决方案，但是它将使您按计划进行优化，并考虑一种更适合您的最佳方法。
作为旁注，我对PyGame并不熟悉，但是我确定他们有一些Vector Vector库。 Vector2本质上是[self.xPos，self.yPos]的数组，具有一些额外的辅助功能，例如使用勾股定理找到距离。
半个伪代码/半个python看起来像这样：
for enemy1 in enemies:
for enemy2 in enemies:
if enemy1 == enemy2: #if both are the same enemy
continue
# Find the dist between both enemies
# *Assumes sprite anchor is in center
distanceBetween = Vector2.DistanceBetween(enemy1, enemy2)
combinedHitbox = enemy1.radius + enemy2.radius
if combinedHitbox < distanceBetween:
# Calculate the delta position (difference between)
positionDiff = enemy2.position - enemy1.position
# Move them away from each other half of the distance between them.
enemy2.position += positionDiff /2
enemy1.position -= positionDiff /2
PyGame还可能有一些更好的方法来检测Hitbox，这将在后台进行，但我认为重要的是所有游戏开发人员至少应尝试一次实现自己的目的，以了解其工作原理。