Question

使用lxml库，拥有这个doc xml文件，我要剥离一些标签并重命名它们：doc.xml

<html>
    <body>
        <h5>Fruits</h5>
        <div>This is some <span attr="foo">Text</span>.</div>
        <div>Some <span>more</span> text.</div>
        <h5>Vegetables</h5>
        <div>Yet another line <span attr="bar">of</span> text.</div>
        <div>This span will get <span attr="foo">removed</span> as well.</div>
        <div>Nested elements <span attr="foo">will <b>be</b> left</span> alone.</div>
        <div>Unless <span attr="foo">they <span attr="foo">also</span> match</span>.</div>
    </body>
</html>

使用HTML代替正文，将所有内容包装在'p tag'中，而不是使用h5和每个div来包装所有内容，例如使用lxml：我的问题是如何从一种格式以波纹管形式包装一切？

<p>
<h5 title='Fruits'> 
<div>This is some <span attr='foo'>Test</span>.</div>
<div>Some<span>more</span>text.</div>
</h5>
<h5 title='Vegetables'>
<div>Yet another line <span attr='bar'>of</span>text.</div>
....
</h5>
</p>

使用lxml，剥离标签：

tree = etree.tostring(doc.xml)
tree1 = lxml.html.fromstring(tree)
etree.strip_tags(tree1, 'body')

有人对此有任何想法吗？

Answer 1

仅使用<p>标签创建一个新的文档。
遍历原始文档中<body>标记的后代。
- 将原始文档中的标签添加到新文档中-作为其<p>标签的后代
  - 如果遇到<h5>标记；将<h5>标记添加到<p>标记
    - 并向其添加后续标签作为后代（<h5>）

Answer 2

这是使用lxml的xslt解决方案。它将处理卸载到libxml。我已经在转换样式表中添加了评论：

from lxml import etree

xsl = etree.XML('''
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes" />
    <xsl:strip-space elements="*"/>

    <xsl:template match="/">
        <p>
            <xsl:apply-templates select="html/body"/>
        </p>
    </xsl:template>

    <!-- match body, but do not add content; this excludes /html/body elements -->
    <xsl:template match="body">
        <xsl:apply-templates />
    </xsl:template>

    <xsl:template match="h5">
        <!-- record the current h5 title -->
        <xsl:variable name="title" select="."/>
        <h5>
            <xsl:attribute name="title">
                <xsl:value-of select="$title" />
            </xsl:attribute>

            <xsl:for-each select="following-sibling::div[preceding-sibling::h5[1] = $title]">
                <!-- deep copy of each consecutive div following the current h5 element -->
                <xsl:copy-of select="." />
            </xsl:for-each>
        </h5>
    </xsl:template>

    <!-- match div, but do not output anything since we are copying it into the new h5 element -->
    <xsl:template match="div" />
</xsl:stylesheet>
''')

transform = etree.XSLT(xsl)
with open("doc.xml") as f:
    print(transform(etree.parse(f)), end='')

如果样式表存储在文件名doc.xsl中，则使用libxml实用程序xsltproc可以实现相同的结果：

xsltproc doc.xsl doc.xml

结果：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<p>
  <h5 title="Fruits">
    <div>This is some <span attr="foo">Text</span>.</div>
    <div>Some <span>more</span> text.</div>
  </h5>
  <h5 title="Vegetables">
    <div>Yet another line <span attr="bar">of</span> text.</div>
    <div>This span will get <span attr="foo">removed</span> as well.</div>
    <div>Nested elements <span attr="foo">will <b>be</b> left</span> alone.</div>
    <div>Unless <span attr="foo">they <span attr="foo">also</span> match</span>.</div>
  </h5>
</p>

剥离一些标签并重命名它们

2 个答案: