我尝试覆盖以下代码:
// @flow strict
import { bind, randomNumber } from 'Utils'
import { AbstractOperator } from './AbstractOperator'
export class Randomize extends AbstractOperator {
// ...
randomPick (dataset: Array<string>, weights: ?Array<number>): number {
if (!weights) { return randomNumber(0, (dataset.length - 1)) }
const sumOfWeights: number = weights.reduce((a, b) => a + b)
let randomWeight = randomNumber(1, sumOfWeights)
let position: number = -1
for (let i = 0; i < dataset.length; i++) {
randomWeight = randomWeight - weights[i]
if (randomWeight <= 0) {
position = i
break
}
}
return position
}
}
这是测试范围:
import { Randomize } from './Randomize'
const dataset = [
'nok',
'nok',
'nok',
'ok',
'nok'
]
const weights = [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0
]
const randomNumber = jest.fn()
describe('operator Randomize#randomPick', () => {
test('without weights, it calls `randomNumber`', () => {
const randomizeOperator = new Randomize({}, [dataset], {})
randomizeOperator.randomPick(dataset)
expect(randomNumber).toBeCalledWith(0, dataset.length - 1)
})
})
我试图确保调用randomNumber
,但我得到的只是:
● operator Randomize#randomPick › without weights, it calls `randomNumber`
expect(jest.fn()).toBeCalledWith(...expected)
Expected: 0, 4
Number of calls: 0
33 | randomizeOperator.randomPick(dataset)
34 |
> 35 | expect(randomNumber).toBeCalledWith(0, dataset.length - 1)
| ^
36 | })
37 | })
38 |
at Object.toBeCalledWith (node_modules/jest-chain/dist/chain.js:15:11)
at Object.toBeCalledWith (src/app/Services/Providers/Result/Resolvers/Operators/Randomize.test.js:35:26)
答案 0 :(得分:2)
我的两分钱是嘲笑randomNumber
依赖关系不是测试此功能的正确方法。
但是,我将在这里回答主要问题,并看看我们如何使测试通过。然后,我将获得更多关于在以后的更新中进行测试的更好方法的想法。
randomNumber
通话断言该代码的实际问题是randomNumber
模拟函数悬而未决。正如错误所暗示的,它没有被调用。
缺少的部分是拦截模块导入并使之导入,使得对Utils.randomNumber
的外部调用触发了模拟功能;这样我们就可以反对它。拦截Utils
导入并模拟它的方法如下:
// Signature is:
// jest.mock(pathToModule: string, mockModuleFactory: Function)
jest.mock('Utils', () => ({
randomNumber: jest.fn()
}))
现在,在测试过程中对Utils.randomNumber
的每次调用都会触发模拟功能,并且不再悬而未决。
如果您想知道它在幕后如何工作,请查看babel-plugin-jest-hoist
的提升机jest.mock
在import
之上的调用方式,这些被编译为CommonJS Jest-劫持require
个呼叫。
根据情况,模拟整个模块可能会有问题。如果测试依赖于Utils
模块的其他导出,该怎么办?例如bind
?
有一些方法可以部分模拟一个模块,一个函数,一个或两个类。但是,要使您的测试通过,还有一种更简单的方法。
解决方案是仅监视randomNumber
调用。这是一个完整的示例:
import { Randomize } from './Randomize'
import * as Utils from 'Utils'
// Sidenote: This values should probably be moved to a beforeEach()
// hook. The module-level assignment does not happen before each test.
const weights = [0, 0, 0, 1, 0]
const dataset = ['nok', 'nok', 'nok', 'ok', 'nok']
describe('operator Randomize#randomPick', () => {
test('without weights, it calls `randomNumber`', () => {
const randomizeOperator = new Randomize({}, [dataset], {})
const randomNumberSpy = jest.spyOn(Utils, 'randomNumber')
randomizeOperator.randomPick(dataset)
expect(randomNumberSpy).toBeCalledWith(0, dataset.length - 1)
})
})
希望这是一项通过的测试,但非常脆弱。
总结起来,这些是在开玩笑的背景下对主题的很好阅读:
主要是因为测试与代码紧密耦合。如果您将测试和SUT进行比较,就可以看到重复的代码。
一种更好的方法是根本不对任何东西进行模拟/间谍(查看Classist vs. Mockist TDD学校),并使用动态生成的一组数据和权重对SUT进行测试,从而证明它“足够好” 。
我将在更新中对此进行详细说明。
出于另一个原因,测试randomPick
的实现细节也不是一个好主意。这样的测试无法验证算法的正确性,因为它仅验证了正在执行的调用。如果存在边缘错误,则覆盖范围不足以解决它。
当我们想断言对象之间的通信时,模拟/间谍通常是有益的。如果通讯实际上是正确性的主张,例如“断言它已命中数据库” ;但事实并非如此。
一个更好的测试用例的想法可能是大力行使SUT并断言它在做什么方面“足够好”。
为SUT提供相对较大的动态生成的随机输入集,并断言它每次都通过:
import { Randomize } from './Randomize'
const exercise = (() => {
// Dynamically generate a relatively large random set of input & expectations:
// [ datasetArray, probabilityWeightsArray, expectedPositionsArray ]
//
// A sample manual set:
return [
[['nok', 'nok', 'nok', 'ok', 'nok'], [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], [3]],
[['ok', 'ok', 'nok', 'ok', 'nok'], [50, 50, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1]],
[['nok', 'nok', 'nok', 'ok', 'ok'], [0, 0, 10, 60, 30], [2, 3, 4]]
]
})()
describe('whatever', () => {
test.each(exercise)('look into positional each() params for unique names', (dataset, weights, expected) => {
const randomizeOperator = new Randomize({}, [dataset, weights], {})
const position = randomizeOperator.randomPick(dataset, weights)
expect(position).toBeOneOf(expected)
})
})
这是基于相同想法的另一种观点,不一定需要生成动态数据:
import { Randomize } from './Randomize'
const exercise = (() => {
return [
[
['moreok'], // expect "moreok" to have been picked more during the exercise.
['lessok', 'moreok'], // the dataset.
[0.1, 99.90] // weights, preferring the second element over the first.
],
[['moreok'], ['moreok', 'lessok'], [99, 1]],
[['moreok'], ['lessok', 'moreok'], [1, 99]],
[['e'], ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], [0, 10, 10, 0, 80]],
[['d'], ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], [5, 20, 0, 75]],
[['d'], ['a', 'd', 'c', 'b'], [5, 75, 0, 20]],
[['b'], ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], [0, 80, 0, 20]],
[['a', 'b'], ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], [50, 50]],
[['b'], ['a', 'b', 'c'], [10, 60, 30]],
[['b'], ['a', 'b', 'c'], [0.1, 0.6, 0.3]] // This one pinpoints a bug.
]
})()
const mostPicked = results => {
return Object.keys(results).reduce((a, b) => results[a] > results[b] ? a : b )
}
describe('randompick', () => {
test.each(exercise)('picks the most probable: %p from %p with weights: %p', (mostProbables, dataset, weights) => {
const operator = new Randomize({}, [dataset, weights], {})
const results = dataset.reduce((carry, el) => Object.assign(carry, { [el]: 0 }), {})
// e.g. { lessok: 0, moreok: 0 }
for (let i = 0; i <= 2000; i++) {
// count how many times a dataset element has win the lottery!
results[dataset[operator.randomPick(dataset, weights)]]++
}
// console.debug(results, mostPicked(results))
expect(mostPicked(results)).toBeOneOf(mostProbables)
})
})