首先，我必须说我是Python的初学者，因此我的代码可能显得多余或混乱。
我编写了由两个都属于tkinter框架的类组成的代码。类ExportGUI继承自Hdf5GUI，并由函数export调用。问题是我试图通过子功能访问父变量datasetsfilter，但是它不起作用：
# Parent class
class Hdf5GUI(GUI):
def __init__(self,hdf5w,master):
# Frame definition
self.master = master # parent root
self.hdf5w = hdf5w #root
self.hdf5w.title('Hdf5 Reader')
self.hdf5w.rowconfigure(0,weight=1)
self.hdf5w.columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
self.hdf5w.columnconfigure(1,weight=1)
self.frameDataset = Frame(self.hdf5w,padx=5,pady=5)
self.frameDataset.grid(row=0,column=0,sticky='wesn')
self.frameDataset.rowconfigure(1,weight=1)
self.frameDataset.columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
self.datasetpath_button = Button(self.frameDataset,text="Export dataset path",command = self.exportDatasetPath)
self.datasetpath_button.grid(row=0,column=0,columnspan=2,pady=5,sticky='nwe')
self.dataset_scrollbar = Scrollbar(self.frameDataset)
self.dataset_scrollbar.grid(row=1,column=1,sticky='esn')
self.dataset_listbox = Listbox(self.frameDataset,exportselection=0)
self.dataset_listbox.grid(row=1,column=0,sticky='wesn')
self.dataset_listbox.bind('<<ListboxSelect>>', self.onSelectDataset)
self.dataset_listbox.config(yscrollcommand=self.dataset_scrollbar.set)
self.dataset_scrollbar.config(command=self.dataset_listbox.yview)
self.datatype_scrollbar = Scrollbar(self.frameDataset)
self.datatype_scrollbar.grid(row=2,column=1,sticky='esn')
self.datatype_listbox = Listbox(self.frameDataset,selectmode='extended',exportselection=0)
self.datatype_listbox.grid(row=2,column=0,sticky='wesn')
# self.dataset_listbox.bind('<<ListboxSelect>>', self.onSelectDataset)
#
self.datatype_listbox.config(yscrollcommand=self.datatype_scrollbar.set)
self.datatype_scrollbar.config(command=self.datatype_listbox.yview)
self.frameFilter = Frame(self.frameDataset)
self.frameFilter.grid(row=3,column=0,sticky='wen')
self.frameFilter.columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
self.frameFilter.columnconfigure(1,weight=1)
self.frameFilter.columnconfigure(2,weight=1)
self.frameFilter.columnconfigure(3,weight=1)
self.filter_label = Label(self.frameFilter,text="Dataset filter")
self.filter_label.grid(row=0,column=0,columnspan=4,sticky='wen')
self.filter0 = Listbox(self.frameFilter,exportselection=0)
self.filter0.grid(row=1,column=0,sticky='wen')
self.filter0.bind('<<ListboxSelect>>', self.onSelectFilter0)
self.filter1 = Listbox(self.frameFilter,exportselection=0)
self.filter1.grid(row=1,column=1,sticky='wen')
self.filter1.bind('<<ListboxSelect>>', self.onSelectFilter1)
self.filter2 = Listbox(self.frameFilter,exportselection=0)
self.filter2.grid(row=1,column=2,sticky='wen')
self.filter2.bind('<<ListboxSelect>>', self.onSelectFilter2)
self.filter3 = Listbox(self.frameFilter,exportselection=0)
self.filter3.grid(row=1,column=3,sticky='wen')
self.frameFile = Frame(self.hdf5w,padx=5,pady=5)
self.frameFile.grid(row=0,column=1,sticky='wesn')
self.frameFile.rowconfigure(1,weight=1)
self.frameFile.columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
self.folderPath_button = Button(self.frameFile,text="Open files in directory",command=self.exportFiles)
self.folderPath_button.grid(row=0,column=0,columnspan=2,pady=5,sticky='wen')
self.files_listbox = Listbox(self.frameFile,selectmode='extended',exportselection=0)
self.files_listbox.grid(row=1,column=0,sticky='wesn')
self.files_scrollbar = Scrollbar(self.frameFile)
self.files_scrollbar.grid(row=1,column=1,sticky='esn')
self.files_listbox.config(yscrollcommand=self.files_scrollbar.set)
self.files_scrollbar.config(command=self.files_listbox.yview)
self.displayData_button = Button(self.frameFile, text="display dataset", command=self.displayData)
self.displayData_button.grid(row=2,column=0,columnspan=2,padx=10,pady=5,sticky='wen')
self.displayTxt_button = Button(self.frameFile, text="Export", command=self.export)
self.displayTxt_button.grid(row=2,column=1,columnspan=2,padx=10,pady=5,sticky='wen')
# self.lblFrame = LabelFrame()
self.hdf5w.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.onClosing)
self.hdf5w.mainloop()
def exportDatasetPath(self):
self.dataset_listbox.delete(0,'end')
self.filter0.delete(0,'end')
self.filter1.delete(0,'end')
self.filter2.delete(0,'end')
self.filter3.delete(0,'end')
self.ohdf5 = Hdf5()
print(self.ohdf5.loadcase_label_list)
i = 0
for dataset in self.ohdf5.datasets:
self.dataset_listbox.insert(i,dataset)
i+=1
i = 0
for item in self.ohdf5.filter0:
self.filter0.insert(i,item)
i+=1
def onSelectDataset(self,evt):
self.datatype_listbox.delete(0,'end')
index = self.dataset_listbox.curselection()[0]
datasetPath = self.dataset_listbox.get(index)
self.odataset = self.ohdf5.getDataset(datasetPath)
i=0
for col in self.odataset.columns:
self.datatype_listbox.insert(i,col)
i+=1
def onSelectFilter0(self,evt):
self.dataset_listbox.delete(0,'end')
self.filter1.delete(0,'end')
self.filter2.delete(0,'end')
self.filter3.delete(0,'end')
index = self.filter0.curselection()[0]
item0 = self.filter0.get(index)
if item0 == 'NASTRAN':
i = 0
for dataset in self.ohdf5.datasets:
self.dataset_listbox.insert(i,dataset)
i+=1
else:
self.ohdf5.setFilterGroupPath(item0)
self.ohdf5.setFilterGroup(self.ohdf5.filterGroupPath)
i = 0
self.datasetsfilter = self.ohdf5.getDatasets(self.ohdf5.filterGroupPath)
for dataset in self.datasetsfilter:
self.dataset_listbox.insert(i,dataset)
i+=1
i = 0
for item in self.ohdf5.filter1:
self.filter1.insert(i,item)
i+=1
def onSelectFilter1(self,evt):
self.dataset_listbox.delete(0,'end')
self.filter2.delete(0,'end')
self.filter3.delete(0,'end')
index = self.filter0.curselection()[0]
item0 = self.filter0.get(index)
index = self.filter1.curselection()[0]
item1 = self.filter1.get(index)
self.ohdf5.setFilterGroupPath(item0,item1)
self.ohdf5.setFilterGroup(self.ohdf5.filterGroupPath)
i = 0
self.datasetsfilter = self.ohdf5.getDatasets(self.ohdf5.filterGroupPath)
print(self.datasetsfilter)
for dataset in self.datasetsfilter:
self.dataset_listbox.insert(i,dataset)
i+=1
i = 0
for item in self.ohdf5.filter2:
self.filter2.insert(i,item)
i+=1
def onSelectFilter2(self,evt):
self.dataset_listbox.delete(0,'end')
self.filter3.delete(0,'end')
index = self.filter0.curselection()[0]
item0 = self.filter0.get(index)
index = self.filter1.curselection()[0]
item1 = self.filter1.get(index)
index = self.filter2.curselection()[0]
item2 = self.filter2.get(index)
self.ohdf5.setFilterGroupPath(item0,item1,item2)
self.ohdf5.setFilterGroup(self.ohdf5.filterGroupPath)
i = 0
self.datasetsfilter = self.ohdf5.getDatasets(self.ohdf5.filterGroupPath)
print(self.datasetsfilter)
for dataset in self.datasetsfilter:
self.dataset_listbox.insert(i,dataset)
i+=1
i = 0
for item in self.ohdf5.filter3:
self.filter3.insert(i,item)
i+=1
def exportFiles(self):
self.files_listbox.delete(0,'end')
title = 'Choose the working HDF5 directory where there are *.h5 files :'
Tk().withdraw()
dirname_root = askdirectory(initialdir=os.getcwd(), title = title)
self.filePath_list = []
for folders, subfolders,files in os.walk(dirname_root):
for f in files:
ext = os.path.splitext(f)[1]
if ext == '.h5': self.filePath_list.append(os.path.join(folders,f))
i = 0
for path in self.filePath_list:
self.files_listbox.insert(i,os.path.basename(path))
i+=1
def onClosing(self):
# if tkMessageBox.askokcancel("Quit", "Do you want to quit?"):
self.hdf5w.destroy()
self.show(self.master)
def displayData(self):
print('function dislaying datas')
datas = self.datatype_listbox.curselection()
print(datas)
new_window = Toplevel(self.frameFile)
w = DisplayDataGUI(new_window, self.odataset, datas)
def get_datasetsfilter(self):
return self.datasetsfilter
def export(self):
new_window2 = Toplevel(self.frameFile)
w = ExportGUI(self.hdf5w,new_window2)
所以直到现在我的代码都可以正常工作，但是我必须使用在ExportGUI中调用的其他函数来完成程序。例如export_filter。
#==============================================================================
# Child class
#==============================================================================
class ExportGUI(Hdf5GUI):
def __init__(self,hdf5w, master):
self.master = master
self.master.title("Export")
self.master.geometry('200x200')
label = Label(self.master, text="Choose the kind of export")
label.place(x=20, y=0)
export_selected = Button(self.master, text = 'Export filters',command=self.export_filter)
export_selected.place(x=20, y=50)
self.master.mainloop()
def export_filter(self):
print(self.ohdf5.datatsetsfilter)
但是我遇到了以下错误：
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda2\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1542, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "GUI\GUI.py", line 397, in export_filter
print(self.ohdf5.datatsetsfilter)
AttributeError: 'ExportGUI' object has no attribute 'ohdf5'
ohdf5未知datatsetsfilter或ExportGUI（我对self.datatsetsfilter有相同的错误）。
考虑到此代码无效，我尝试使用super函数。我在get_datasetsfilter中创建了一个函数Hdf5GUI：
def get_datasetsfilter(self):
return self.datasetsfilter
然后在ExportGUI中调用它（我在{2.7中添加了__metaclass__ = type来修复类型prblm）：
def export_filter(self):
super(ExportGUI, self).get_datasetsfilter
我承认我看到了Super的许多其他示例，但它们似乎都用在__init__方法中。但是，它仍然不起作用。我现在想知道错误是由于对继承或tkinter的理解不正确造成的。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
问题在于您已经从父类覆盖了__init__方法。通常，您首先从父类中调用__init__方法，该方法可以使用super()进行访问。因此，您的代码应类似于：
class ExportGUI(Parent_Class):
def __init__(self, hdf5w, master):
super().__init__(hdf5w, master)
self.master = master
self.master.title("Export")
self.master.geometry('200x200')
更新：
现在您已经清除了某些详细信息，我可以扩大此答案。请注意，现在从__init__进行的ExportGUI调用中使用了两个传递的参数，分别为hdf5w和master，成功调用{{1}时需要第一个}来自父类。因此，您需要在创建__init__实例的Parent_Class定义中更改代码，以便为hdf5w传递适当的值-我想是，您想要从父类传递值：
ExportGUI我不禁注意到，传递给def export(self):
new_window2 = Toplevel(self.frameFile)
w = ExportGUI(self.hdf5w, new_window2)
的参数Parent_Class.__init__和hdf5w并未在任何地方使用。也许您想将它们保存在变量中，例如：
master如果这些相同并且应该传递给class Parent_Class(GUI):
def __init__(self,hdf5w,master):
self.hdf5w = hdf5w
self.master = master
，则可以在ExportGUI的{{1}}函数中创建实例时将它们简单地传递。如果不需要它们并决定删除它们，请确保修改export的{{1}}调用以及Parent_Class中的__init__调用。< / p>