tkinter框架不随画布扩展

Question

我正在尝试为时间序列数据创建GUI。它有2个可滚动的画布，每个内部都有一个框架。顶部框架包含其中的其他框架。 main_frame似乎随画布扩展，但catmainframes似乎不这样做。 catmainframe用于动态生成帧。

import os
import tkinter as tk
#from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import filedialog as fd
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg

def on_configure(event):
    # update scrollregion after starting 'mainloop'
    canvas1.configure(scrollregion=canvas1.bbox('all'))
    canvas2.configure(scrollregion=canvas2.bbox('all'))

def enterCategory():
    global cat
    global catmainframe
    global rownum
    global add_file
    cat = category.get()
    catmainframe = tk.Frame(main_frame, borderwidth=2, relief="solid")
    catmainframe.grid(row=rownum,column=0,sticky='nsew', padx=3, pady=3)
    #canvas1.create_window((0,0), window=catmainframe,anchor='nw')

    catmainframe.grid_rowconfigure(rownum, weight=1)
    catmainframe.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)     
    catframe = tk.Frame(catmainframe, borderwidth=2, relief="solid")
    catframe.grid(row=0,column=0, sticky='nsew', padx=1, pady=1)

    catlabel = tk.Label(catframe, text=cat)
    catlabel.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsew')

    add_file = tk.Button(catframe,text="Add File",command=openFile)
    add_file.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='nsew')

    global catchildframe
    catchildframe = tk.Frame(catmainframe, borderwidth=2, relief="solid")
    catchildframe.grid(row=1,column=0,sticky='nsew', padx=1, pady=1)
    catchildframe.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
    catchildframe.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)  
    global box1, box2, box3
    box1 = tk.Frame(catchildframe, borderwidth=2, relief="solid")
    box2 = tk.Frame(catchildframe, borderwidth=2, relief="solid")
    box3 = tk.Frame(catchildframe, borderwidth=2, relief="solid")
    box1.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky='nsew', padx=10, pady=10)
    box2.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky='nsew', padx=10, pady=10)
    box3.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky='nsew', padx=10, pady=10)
    box1.propagate(1)
    box2.propagate(1)
    box3.propagate(1)

    rownum =  rownum +1

def openFile():
    global fname
    global mindatetime
    global maxdatetime
    parentname = catmainframe.winfo_parent()
    parent = catmainframe._nametowidget(parentname)

    #childname = catchildframe.winfo_parent()
    #child = catchildframe._nametowidget(childname)
    child = add_file.master

    print("Catmainframe parent:"+parentname)
    #print("Catchildframe parent:"+child)

    file_path=fd.askopenfilename()
    #print(file_path)

    file_name = os.path.basename(file_path)
    print(file_name)

    file_list = []

    file_list.append(file_name)

    df = pd.read_csv(file_path)
    names = list(df.columns[0:])
    indexcol = names[0]
    #print(indexcol)
    df = df.rename(columns = {indexcol:'datetime'})
    names = list(df.columns[1:])
    #print(names)
    df.datetime = pd.to_datetime(df.datetime)
    df.set_index('datetime',inplace=True)

    if mindatetime == pd.to_datetime('1900-01-01 00:00:00'):
        mindatetime = df.index.min()
    elif mindatetime > df.index.min():
        mindatetime = df.index.min()

    if maxdatetime == pd.to_datetime('1900-01-01 00:00:00'):
        maxdatetime = df.index.max()
    elif maxdatetime < df.index.max():
        maxdatetime = df.index.max()

    print(mindatetime)
    print(maxdatetime)    
    global unique_dates
    unique_dates = []
    unique_dates = df.index.map(pd.Timestamp.date).unique()

    for x in range(len(names)):    
        if(len(names)==1):
            l = tk.Checkbutton(box1, text=names[x], variable=names[x],state='disabled')
            l.select()
            l.pack(anchor = 'w')
        else:
            l = tk.Checkbutton(box1, text=names[x], variable=names[x])
            l.select()
            l.pack(anchor = 'w')

    figure = plt.Figure(figsize=(4,3), dpi=100)
    ax2 = figure.add_subplot(111)
    line = FigureCanvasTkAgg(figure, box2)
    line.get_tk_widget().grid(row=1,column=1,sticky='nsew')
    df.plot(kind='line', legend=False, ax=ax2, fontsize=10)
    ax2.set_title(cat)
    ax2.set_xlim(mindatetime,maxdatetime)

    for x in range(len(unique_dates)):
        d = tk.Checkbutton(box3, text=unique_dates[x], variable=unique_dates[x])
        d.select()
        d.pack(anchor = 'w')

root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry('{}x{}'.format(800, 600))

# layout all of the main containers
root.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)


#Global variables
category = tk.StringVar()
global rownum
rownum =0
mindatetime = pd.to_datetime('1900-01-01 00:00:00')
maxdatetime = pd.to_datetime('1900-01-01 00:00:00')

#Top frame
top_frame = tk.Frame(root)
top_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsew')

category_name = tk.Label(top_frame, text='Category:')
category_name.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsew')

entry_category = tk.Entry(top_frame, background="pink",textvariable = category)
entry_category.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='nsew')
entry_category.focus()

ok_button = tk.Button(top_frame, text="OK", command=enterCategory)
ok_button.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky='nsew')

xscrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(root, orient='horizontal')
xscrollbar.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky='ew')

yscrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(root)
yscrollbar.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky='ns')

canvas1 = tk.Canvas(root, bd=0,#scrollregion=(0, 0, 1000, 1000),
                yscrollcommand=yscrollbar.set)
canvas1.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky='nsew')

# create the center widgets
canvas1.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
canvas1.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

canvas2 = tk.Canvas(root, bd=0,#scrollregion=(0, 0, 1000, 1000),
                xscrollcommand=xscrollbar.set)
canvas2.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky='nsew')

xscrollbar.config(command=canvas2.xview)
yscrollbar.config(command=canvas1.yview)


canvas1.config(scrollregion=canvas1.bbox("all"))

canvas2.config(scrollregion=canvas2.bbox("all"))

main_frame = tk.Frame(canvas1)

canvas1.create_window((0,0), window=main_frame,anchor='nw')
#main_frame.grid(row=0,column=0,stick='nsew')

time_box = tk.Frame(canvas2)
canvas2.create_window((0,0), window=time_box,anchor='nw')

root.bind('<Configure>', on_configure) 
root.mainloop()

即使该应用程序似乎运行正常，也存在以下错误。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\ranji\Anaconda3\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1702, in __call__
    return self.func(*args)
  File "C:\Users\ranji\Anaconda3\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 3069, in set
    self.tk.call(self._w, 'set', first, last)
_tkinter.TclError: invalid command name ".!scrollbar2"
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\ranji\Anaconda3\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1702, in __call__
    return self.func(*args)
  File "C:\Users\ranji\Anaconda3\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 3069, in set
    self.tk.call(self._w, 'set', first, last)
_tkinter.TclError: invalid command name ".!scrollbar"

Answer 1

您必须自己手动管理内部框架的尺寸。您可以通过在画布更改大小时将内部窗口的宽度显式设置为画布的宽度（减去所需的边框或边距）来实现此目的。当窗口更改大小时，您可以通过绑定到<Configure>事件来获得回调。

我已将您的代码简化为仅被询问的问题。请注意，在以下代码中，我向嵌入式窗口对象添加了标记，以便可以在on_configure函数中对其进行引用。我还对内部框架进行了着色，以使其更易于可视化，并为其设置了高度，因为内部没有小部件。

此示例的重要部分是在canvas1.itemconfigure中调用on_configure：

import tkinter as tk

def on_configure(event):
    width = canvas1.winfo_width()
    canvas1.itemconfigure("main_frame", width=width)

root = tk.Tk()
root.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

yscrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(root)
canvas1 = tk.Canvas(root, bd=0,yscrollcommand=yscrollbar.set)

canvas1.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky='nsew')
yscrollbar.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky='ns')

main_frame = tk.Frame(canvas1, background="bisque", height=200)
canvas1.create_window((0,0), window=main_frame,anchor='nw', tags=("main_frame",))

root.bind('<Configure>', on_configure)
root.mainloop()