此代码编译:
struct BufRef<'a> {
buf: &'a [u8],
}
struct Foo<'a> {
buf_ref: BufRef<'a>,
}
impl<'a> Iterator for Foo<'a> {
type Item = &'a [u8];
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
let result = &self.buf_ref.buf;
Some(result)
}
}
但是,如果我将BufRef
更改为:
struct BufRef<'a> {
buf: &'a mut [u8],
}
编译器说:
error[E0495]: cannot infer an appropriate lifetime for borrow expression due to conflicting requirements
--> src\main.rs:13:16
|
13 | let result = &self.buf_ref.buf;
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
note: first, the lifetime cannot outlive the anonymous lifetime #1 defined on the method body at 12:5...
--> src\main.rs:12:5
|
12 | / fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
13 | | let result = &self.buf_ref.buf;
14 | | Some(result)
15 | | }
| |_____^
note: ...so that reference does not outlive borrowed content
--> src\main.rs:13:16
|
13 | let result = &self.buf_ref.buf;
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
note: but, the lifetime must be valid for the lifetime 'a as defined on the impl at 9:6...
--> src\main.rs:9:6
|
9 | impl<'a> Iterator for Foo<'a> {
| ^^
= note: ...so that the types are compatible:
expected std::iter::Iterator
found std::iter::Iterator
为什么将字段更改为&'a mut [u8]
会导致错误?
此外,编译器的含义是什么:
...so that the types are compatible:
expected std::iter::Iterator
found std::iter::Iterator
答案 0 :(得分:2)
我认为误导您的是您的代码具有折叠的引用。
您的next
函数基本上等效于以下代码:
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a [u8]> {
let result: &&'a [u8] = &self.buf_ref.buf;
Some(result)
}
之所以有效,是因为双引用折叠为单个引用。在这种情况下,双重引用只会混淆代码。只需写:
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
Some(self.buf_ref.buf)
}
这可行,因为引用始终为Copy
。
但是,现在将定义更改为&'a mut
时会发生什么?您现在可能正在猜测...可变引用不是 Copy
,因此相同的简单代码将为您提供易于理解的错误消息:
无法从可变引用后面的
self.buf_ref.buf
中移出
自然地,您可以将可变的ref作为const借入,然后尝试返回它,但不幸的是,这将不起作用,因为重新借用不能使用与可变变量相同的生存期,因此必须严格更小(或者您可以将指向的值作为别名)。编译器将此重新借用的生存期分配为next
函数的生存期,但是现在您无法返回此借用,因为它是本地引用!
不幸的是,我不知道任何安全的方法来编译您的代码。实际上,我非常确定它将创建一个不完善的API。也就是说,如果您设法编译了代码,则此安全代码将创建未定义的行为:
fn main() {
let mut buf = vec![1,2,3];
let buf_ref = BufRef { buf: &mut buf };
let mut foo = Foo { buf_ref };
let x: &[u8] = foo.next().unwrap();
//note that x's lifetime is that of buf, foo is not borrowed
//x and foo.buf_ref.buf alias the same memory!
//but the latter is mutable
println!("{}", x[0]); //prints 1
foo.buf_ref.buf[0] = 4;
println!("{}", x[0]); //prints what?
}