Question

我是Python和Django的新手，并试图找到正确的方法来建立基本的Django项目以开始学习它。

以下是我的Python，Pip和Django版本详细信息-

查找版本的命令-

python --version

pip --version

python -m django --version

我使用以下命令在其中创建了一个项目和一个模块- django-admin startproject djangoCrud cd djangoCrud / python manage.py startapp api

我能够使用以下命令运行项目-

python manage.py runserver

然后我读到我将需要一个虚拟环境来进行进一步的开发，为此，我使用以下命令来创建和运行它-

pip install virtualenv
virtualenv env
. env/bin/activate

但是当我在激活环境后尝试运行manage.py文件时，
引发错误-

ImportError: Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you forget to activate a virtual environment?

但是我可以在不激活环境的情况下运行manage.py

有人可以指导我怎么了，怎么解决？

尝试步骤-

pip install virtualenv
virtualenv env
. env/bin/activate
pip install Django
django-admin startproject projectNameHere
python manage.py startapp moduleNameHere
python manage.py runserver

能够解决有需要的人的正确顺序-

Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ ls
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ python --version
Python 3.7.4
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ pip --version
pip 19.2.3 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ python -m django --version
2.2.4
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ pip install virtualenv
Requirement already satisfied: virtualenv in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (16.7.2)
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ ls
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ virtualenv env
Using base prefix '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7'
New python executable in /Users/aniruddhanarendraraje/Documents/work/pocs/pythonBasics/python_django/env/bin/python3
Also creating executable in /Users/aniruddhanarendraraje/Documents/work/pocs/pythonBasics/python_django/env/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
done.
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ ls
env
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ source env/bin/activate
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ ls
env
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ python --version
Python 3.7.4
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ pip --version
pip 19.2.3 from /Users/aniruddhanarendraraje/Documents/work/pocs/pythonBasics/python_django/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ python -m django --version
/Users/aniruddhanarendraraje/Documents/work/pocs/pythonBasics/python_django/env/bin/python3: No module named django
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ pip install Django
Collecting Django
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d6/57/66997ca6ef17d2d0f0ebcd860bc6778095ffee04077ca8985928175da358/Django-2.2.4-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting sqlparse (from Django)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ef/53/900f7d2a54557c6a37886585a91336520e5539e3ae2423ff1102daf4f3a7/sqlparse-0.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pytz (from Django)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/87/76/46d697698a143e05f77bec5a526bf4e56a0be61d63425b68f4ba553b51f2/pytz-2019.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: sqlparse, pytz, Django
Successfully installed Django-2.2.4 pytz-2019.2 sqlparse-0.3.0
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ python -m django --version
2.2.4
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ django-admin startproject projectNameHere
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ ld
ld: warning: No version-min specified on command line
ld: no object files specified
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ l
bash: l: command not found
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ ls
env             projectNameHere
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:python_django aniruddhanarendraraje$ cd projectNameHere/
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:projectNameHere aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:projectNameHere aniruddhanarendraraje$ ls
manage.py       projectNameHere
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:projectNameHere aniruddhanarendraraje$ python manage.py startapp moduleNameHere
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:projectNameHere aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:projectNameHere aniruddhanarendraraje$ ls
manage.py       moduleNameHere  projectNameHere
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:projectNameHere aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:projectNameHere aniruddhanarendraraje$ 
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:projectNameHere aniruddhanarendraraje$ python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).

You have 17 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.

August 31, 2019 - 06:48:23
Django version 2.2.4, using settings 'projectNameHere.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
[31/Aug/2019 06:48:42] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 16348
^C(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:projectNameHere aniruddhanarendraraje$ ls
db.sqlite3      manage.py       moduleNameHere  projectNameHere
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:projectNameHere aniruddhanarendraraje$ manage.py makemigrations
bash: manage.py: command not found
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:projectNameHere aniruddhanarendraraje$ python manage.py makemigrations
No changes detected
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:projectNameHere aniruddhanarendraraje$ python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
(env) Aniruddhas-MacBook-Pro:projectNameHere aniruddhanarendraraje$ python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
August 31, 2019 - 06:49:59
Django version 2.2.4, using settings 'projectNameHere.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
[31/Aug/2019 06:50:06] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 16348

Answer 1

创建virtualenv时，必须再次设置python。

首先在virtualenv中安装django：

source env/bin/activate
pip install django

如果您还有其他软件包，也必须安装。

virtualenv是一个单独的环境，必须自行设置。

Answer 2

您需要在虚拟环境中安装Django。

Answer 3

我认为，这对您有帮助： VSCode： https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/python/tutorial-django https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/intro/tutorial01/

Answer 4

首先确保已安装python和pip。我建议安装python3。

然后通过pip安装python django。

然后pip3 install virtualenv

使用virtualenv -p python3 <env_name>

创建venv

使用source <env_name>/bin/activate激活环境

然后，使用django-admin startproject <project-name>

创建一个django项目。

然后您可以进行迁移。

python3 manage.py makemigrations

python3 manage.py migrate

完成后，您可以继续以python manage.py createsuperuser <username>身份创建超级用户

您可以通过其文档https://www.djangoproject.com/start/

进行详细描述

PS：-如果python3是defautl版本，则python3和python2不会有区别，因为python命令将被符号链接到/ usr / bin / python3

安装和运行django项目的正确方法是什么？

4 个答案: