我有很多用户上传的内容,我想验证上传的图像文件实际上不是恶意脚本。在Django文档中,它声明了ImageField:
“继承FileField中的所有属性和方法,但也验证上传的对象是有效图像。”
这完全准确吗?我已经读过压缩或以其他方式操作图像文件是一个很好的验证测试。我假设PIL做了这样的事情....
ImageField是否会大大提升我的图片上传安全性?
答案 0 :(得分:7)
Django使用PIL验证通过表单上传的图像。 见https://code.djangoproject.com/browser/django/trunk/django/forms/fields.py#L519
try:
# load() is the only method that can spot a truncated JPEG,
# but it cannot be called sanely after verify()
trial_image = Image.open(file)
trial_image.load()
# Since we're about to use the file again we have to reset the
# file object if possible.
if hasattr(file, 'reset'):
file.reset()
# verify() is the only method that can spot a corrupt PNG,
# but it must be called immediately after the constructor
trial_image = Image.open(file)
trial_image.verify()
...
except Exception: # Python Imaging Library doesn't recognize it as an image
raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_image'])
PIL文档说明了以下关于verify()的信息:
尝试确定文件是否已损坏,而不实际解码 图像数据。如果这种方法发现任何问题,它会提出合适的 例外。此方法仅适用于新打开的图像;如果 图像已加载,结果未定义。另外,如果你 需要在使用此方法后加载图像,必须重新打开 图像文件。
您还应注意,ImageField仅在使用表单上传时进行验证。如果您将模型保存为自己(例如使用某种下载脚本),则不会执行验证。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
使用file命令进行另一项测试。它检查文件中是否存在“幻数”以确定其类型。在我的系统上,file
包中包含libmagic
以及基于ctypes的包装器/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/magic.py
。它看起来像你使用它:
import magic
ms = magic.open(magic.MAGIC_NONE)
ms.load()
type = ms.file("/path/to/some/file")
print type
f = file("/path/to/some/file", "r")
buffer = f.read(4096)
f.close()
type = ms.buffer(buffer)
print type
ms.close()
(来自here的代码。)
关于你原来的问题:“读源,卢克。”
的django /核心/文件/ images.py:
"""
Utility functions for handling images.
Requires PIL, as you might imagine.
"""
from django.core.files import File
class ImageFile(File):
"""
A mixin for use alongside django.core.files.base.File, which provides
additional features for dealing with images.
"""
def _get_width(self):
return self._get_image_dimensions()[0]
width = property(_get_width)
def _get_height(self):
return self._get_image_dimensions()[1]
height = property(_get_height)
def _get_image_dimensions(self):
if not hasattr(self, '_dimensions_cache'):
close = self.closed
self.open()
self._dimensions_cache = get_image_dimensions(self, close=close)
return self._dimensions_cache
def get_image_dimensions(file_or_path, close=False):
"""
Returns the (width, height) of an image, given an open file or a path. Set
'close' to True to close the file at the end if it is initially in an open
state.
"""
# Try to import PIL in either of the two ways it can end up installed.
try:
from PIL import ImageFile as PILImageFile
except ImportError:
import ImageFile as PILImageFile
p = PILImageFile.Parser()
if hasattr(file_or_path, 'read'):
file = file_or_path
file_pos = file.tell()
file.seek(0)
else:
file = open(file_or_path, 'rb')
close = True
try:
while 1:
data = file.read(1024)
if not data:
break
p.feed(data)
if p.image:
return p.image.size
return None
finally:
if close:
file.close()
else:
file.seek(file_pos)
所以看起来它只是一次读取1024个字节的文件,直到PIL说它是一个图像,然后停止。这显然不会对整个文件进行完整性检查,因此它实际上取决于“覆盖我的图像上传安全性”的含义:非法数据可以附加到图像并通过您的网站传递。有人可以通过上传大量垃圾或非常大的文件来管理您的网站。如果您不检查任何上传的字幕或对图像的上传文件名做出假设,则可能容易受到注入攻击。等等。