我正在定义一个名为ShyAssociation
的特征,该特征返回关联结构键的惰性迭代器。迭代器应借用不可变的密钥或将其克隆。键始终是&'static str.
,我所需要的只是一个返回&'static str
的迭代器。
这是我尝试使用keys
迭代器的方法的特征:
use std::collections::{hash_map::Keys, HashMap};
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
pub enum ShyValue {
Boolean(bool),
Integer(i64),
Rational(f64),
String(String),
Error(String),
}
pub trait ShyAssociation {
fn keys(&self) -> Keys<&'static str, ShyValue>;
}
impl ShyAssociation for HashMap<&'static str, ShyValue> {
fn keys(&self) -> Keys<&'static str, ShyValue> {
self.keys().cloned()
}
}
它不会编译。
error[E0308]: mismatched types
--> src/lib.rs:18:9
|
18 | self.keys().cloned()
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected struct `std::collections::hash_map::Keys`, found struct `std::iter::Cloned`
|
= note: expected type `std::collections::hash_map::Keys<'_, &'static str, _>`
found type `std::iter::Cloned<std::collections::hash_map::Keys<'_, &str, _>>`
更新:
我正在尝试对Alexander Huszagh的答案进行修改,但语法有错误:
use std::collections::{hash_map::Keys, HashMap};
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
pub enum ShyValue {
Boolean(bool),
Integer(i64),
Rational(f64),
String(String),
Error(String),
}
pub trait ShyAssociation<'a> {
fn keys(&self) -> Box<Iterator<Item=&'static str> + 'a>;
}
impl<'a> ShyAssociation<'a> for HashMap<&'static str, ShyValue> {
fn keys(&self) -> Box<Iterator<Item=&'static str> + 'a> {
Box::new<(Iterator<Item=&'static str> + 'a)>(self.keys().cloned())
}
}
错误消息在键的迭代器项定义的“ str”上:
expected `:`, found `str`
expected `:`rustc
shy_association.rs(59, 42): expected `:`
答案 0 :(得分:3)
问题是您要手动指定与返回类型不匹配的类型。 iter::Cloned<Keys<_, _>>
与Keys<_, _>
不同。一个简单的解决方法是将您的退货类型更改为iter::Cloned<Keys<&'static str, ShyValue>>
。
pub trait ShyAssociation {
fn keys(&self) -> iter::Cloned<Keys<&'static str, ShyValue>>;
}
impl ShyAssociation for HashMap<&'static str, ShyValue> {
fn keys(&self) -> iter::Cloned<Keys<&'static str, ShyValue>> {
self.keys().cloned()
}
}
如果要返回实现特征的类型(在上例中将不起作用,因为这仅对非特征函数和方法有效),您也可以这样做:
pub fn keys<'a>(hash_map: &'a HashMap<&'static str, ShyValue>) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a str> {
hash_map.keys().cloned()
}
如果您想使用Box<dyn Iterator>
,以便可以在特征方法中使用它,可以这样做:
pub trait ShyAssociation {
fn keys<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<(dyn Iterator<Item = &'static str> + 'a)>;
}
impl ShyAssociation for HashMap<&'static str, ShyValue> {
fn keys<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<(dyn Iterator<Item = &'static str> + 'a)> {
Box::new(self.keys().cloned())
}
}
为了将迭代器的生存期限制为'a
的生存期,HashMap
生存期是必需的。