如何将超时添加到Console.ReadLine()?

时间:2008-09-11 20:55:57

标签: c# .net console timeout io

我有一个控制台应用,我想让用户 x 秒来响应提示。如果在一段时间后没有输入,程序逻辑应该继续。我们假设超时意味着空响应。

最直接的解决方法是什么?

33 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:102)

我很惊讶地发现,5年后,所有答案仍然会遇到以下一个或多个问题:

  • 使用ReadLine以外的功能,导致功能丧失。 (删除/退格/上一次输入的上行键)。
  • 多次调用时函数表现不佳(产生多个线程,许多挂起ReadLine或其他意外行为)。
  • 功能依赖于忙碌等待。这是一个可怕的浪费,因为等待预计会从几秒到超时运行,这可能是多分钟。忙碌的等待会耗费大量时间,这是一种可怕的资源,在多线程场景中尤其糟糕。如果使用睡眠修改忙等待会对响应性产生负面影响,尽管我承认这可能不是一个大问题。

我相信我的解决方案可以解决原始问题,而不会遇到任何上述问题:

class Reader {
  private static Thread inputThread;
  private static AutoResetEvent getInput, gotInput;
  private static string input;

  static Reader() {
    getInput = new AutoResetEvent(false);
    gotInput = new AutoResetEvent(false);
    inputThread = new Thread(reader);
    inputThread.IsBackground = true;
    inputThread.Start();
  }

  private static void reader() {
    while (true) {
      getInput.WaitOne();
      input = Console.ReadLine();
      gotInput.Set();
    }
  }

  // omit the parameter to read a line without a timeout
  public static string ReadLine(int timeOutMillisecs = Timeout.Infinite) {
    getInput.Set();
    bool success = gotInput.WaitOne(timeOutMillisecs);
    if (success)
      return input;
    else
      throw new TimeoutException("User did not provide input within the timelimit.");
  }
}

呼叫当然非常简单:

try {
  Console.WriteLine("Please enter your name within the next 5 seconds.");
  string name = Reader.ReadLine(5000);
  Console.WriteLine("Hello, {0}!", name);
} catch (TimeoutException) {
  Console.WriteLine("Sorry, you waited too long.");
}

或者,您可以使用TryXX(out)约定,如shmueli建议的那样:

  public static bool TryReadLine(out string line, int timeOutMillisecs = Timeout.Infinite) {
    getInput.Set();
    bool success = gotInput.WaitOne(timeOutMillisecs);
    if (success)
      line = input;
    else
      line = null;
    return success;
  }

其名称如下:

Console.WriteLine("Please enter your name within the next 5 seconds.");
string name;
bool success = Reader.TryReadLine(out name, 5000);
if (!success)
  Console.WriteLine("Sorry, you waited too long.");
else
  Console.WriteLine("Hello, {0}!", name);

在这两种情况下,您都无法将ReaderConsole.ReadLine电话的通话混合在一​​起:如果Reader超时,则会有一个挂起的ReadLine电话。相反,如果您想要进行正常(非定时)ReadLine调用,只需使用Reader并省略超时,以便默认为无限超时。

那么我提到的其他解决方案的问题怎么样?

  • 如您所见,使用了ReadLine,避免了第一个问题。
  • 多次调用时,该函数的行为正常。无论是否发生超时,只有一个后台线程将运行,并且只有一次调用ReadLine将始终处于活动状态。调用该函数将始终导致最新输入或超时,并且用户不必多次输入以提交输入。
  • 显然,该功能不依赖忙碌等待。相反,它使用适当的多线程技术来防止浪费资源。

我预见到这个解决方案的唯一问题是它不是线程安全的。但是,多个线程无法真正要求用户同时输入,因此无论如何都应该在调用Reader.ReadLine之前进行同步。

答案 1 :(得分:33)

string ReadLine(int timeoutms)
{
    ReadLineDelegate d = Console.ReadLine;
    IAsyncResult result = d.BeginInvoke(null, null);
    result.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(timeoutms);//timeout e.g. 15000 for 15 secs
    if (result.IsCompleted)
    {
        string resultstr = d.EndInvoke(result);
        Console.WriteLine("Read: " + resultstr);
        return resultstr;
    }
    else
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Timed out!");
        throw new TimedoutException("Timed Out!");
    }
}

delegate string ReadLineDelegate();

答案 2 :(得分:27)

这种方法会使用Console.KeyAvailable帮助吗?

class Sample 
{
    public static void Main() 
    {
    ConsoleKeyInfo cki = new ConsoleKeyInfo();

    do {
        Console.WriteLine("\nPress a key to display; press the 'x' key to quit.");

// Your code could perform some useful task in the following loop. However, 
// for the sake of this example we'll merely pause for a quarter second.

        while (Console.KeyAvailable == false)
            Thread.Sleep(250); // Loop until input is entered.
        cki = Console.ReadKey(true);
        Console.WriteLine("You pressed the '{0}' key.", cki.Key);
        } while(cki.Key != ConsoleKey.X);
    }
}

答案 3 :(得分:10)

你需要另外一种方法。您可以使用异步IO来避免声明自己的:

  • 声明一个ManualResetEvent,称之为“evt”
  • 调用System.Console.OpenStandardInput以获取输入流。指定将存储其数据并设置evt的回调方法。
  • 调用该流的BeginRead方法来启动异步读取操作
  • 然后在ManualResetEvent
  • 上输入定时等待
  • 如果等待超时,则取消读取

如果读取返回数据,则设置事件并且主线程将继续,否则您将在超时后继续。

答案 4 :(得分:9)

// Wait for 'Enter' to be pressed or 5 seconds to elapse
using (Stream s = Console.OpenStandardInput())
{
    ManualResetEvent stop_waiting = new ManualResetEvent(false);
    s.BeginRead(new Byte[1], 0, 1, ar => stop_waiting.Set(), null);

    // ...do anything else, or simply...

    stop_waiting.WaitOne(5000);
    // If desired, other threads could also set 'stop_waiting' 
    // Disposing the stream cancels the async read operation. It can be
    // re-opened if needed.
}

答案 5 :(得分:9)

这对我有用。

ConsoleKeyInfo k = new ConsoleKeyInfo();
Console.WriteLine("Press any key in the next 5 seconds.");
for (int cnt = 5; cnt > 0; cnt--)
  {
    if (Console.KeyAvailable == true)
      {
        k = Console.ReadKey();
        break;
      }
    else
     {
       Console.WriteLine(cnt.ToString());
       System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
     }
 }
Console.WriteLine("The key pressed was " + k.Key);

答案 6 :(得分:8)

我认为你需要创建一个辅助线程并在控制台上轮询一个键。我知道没有内置的方法来实现这一目标。

答案 7 :(得分:6)

在我找到一个在企业环境中完美运行的解决方案之前,我在这个问题上挣扎了5个月。

到目前为止,大多数解决方案的问题在于它们依赖于Console.ReadLine()之外的其他东西,并且Console.ReadLine()具有很多优点:

  • 支持删除,退格,箭头键等
  • 能够按下“向上”键并重复上一个命令(如果你实现了一个可以大量使用的后台调试控制台,这非常方便。)

我的解决方案如下:

  1. 使用Console.ReadLine()生成一个单独的线程来处理用户输入。
  2. 在超时期限之后,通过使用http://inputsimulator.codeplex.com/将[enter]键发送到当前控制台窗口来取消阻止Console.ReadLine()。
  3. 示例代码:

     InputSimulator.SimulateKeyPress(VirtualKeyCode.RETURN);
    

    有关此技术的更多信息,包括中止使用Console.ReadLine的线程的正确技术:

    .NET call to send [enter] keystroke into the current process, which is a console app?

    How to abort another thread in .NET, when said thread is executing Console.ReadLine?

答案 8 :(得分:4)

在委托中调用Console.ReadLine()是不好的,因为如果用户没有点击“enter”,那么该调用将永远不会返回。执行代理的线程将被阻止,直到用户点击“输入”,无法取消它。

发出这些调用的序列将不会像您期望的那样运行。请考虑以下内容(使用上面的示例Console类):

System.Console.WriteLine("Enter your first name [John]:");

string firstName = Console.ReadLine(5, "John");

System.Console.WriteLine("Enter your last name [Doe]:");

string lastName = Console.ReadLine(5, "Doe");

用户让第一个提示超时到期,然后输入第二个提示的值。 firstName和lastName都将包含默认值。当用户点击“输入”时,第一次 ReadLine调用将完成,但代码已放弃该调用并基本上放弃了结果。 第二次 ReadLine调用将继续阻止,超时将最终到期,返回的值将再次成为默认值。

BTW-上面的代码中有一个错误。通过调用waitHandle.Close(),您可以从工作线程下关闭事件。如果用户在超时到期后命中'enter',则工作线程将尝试发出抛出ObjectDisposedException的事件。从工作线程抛出异常,如果您没有设置未处理的异常处理程序,您的进程将终止。

答案 9 :(得分:4)

我可能会在这个问题上读得太多,但我假设等待时间与启动菜单相似,除非你按一个键,否则等待15秒。您可以使用(1)阻塞函数或(2)您可以使用线程,事件和计时器。该事件将充当“继续”并将阻止,直到计时器到期或按下某个键为止。

(1)的伪代码是:

// Get configurable wait time
TimeSpan waitTime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15.0);
int configWaitTimeSec;
if (int.TryParse(ConfigManager.AppSetting["DefaultWaitTime"], out configWaitTimeSec))
    waitTime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(configWaitTimeSec);

bool keyPressed = false;
DateTime expireTime = DateTime.Now + waitTime;

// Timer and key processor
ConsoleKeyInfo cki;
// EDIT: adding a missing ! below
while (!keyPressed && (DateTime.Now < expireTime))
{
    if (Console.KeyAvailable)
    {
        cki = Console.ReadKey(true);
        // TODO: Process key
        keyPressed = true;
    }
    Thread.Sleep(10);
}

答案 10 :(得分:4)

如果您使用Main()方法,则无法使用await,因此您必须使用Task.WaitAny()

var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(Console.ReadLine);
var result = Task.WaitAny(new Task[] { task }, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)) == 0
    ? task.Result : string.Empty;

但是,C#7.1引入了创建异步Main()方法的可能性,因此只要有这个选项,最好使用Task.WhenAny()版本:

var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(Console.ReadLine);
var completedTask = await Task.WhenAny(task, Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)));
var result = object.ReferenceEquals(task, completedTask) ? task.Result : string.Empty;

答案 11 :(得分:2)

好像这里没有足够的答案:0),以下内容封装到上面的静态方法@ kwl的解决方案中(第一个)。

    public static string ConsoleReadLineWithTimeout(TimeSpan timeout)
    {
        Task<string> task = Task.Factory.StartNew(Console.ReadLine);

        string result = Task.WaitAny(new Task[] { task }, timeout) == 0
            ? task.Result 
            : string.Empty;
        return result;
    }

用法

    static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("howdy");
        string result = ConsoleReadLineWithTimeout(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(8.5));
        Console.WriteLine("bye");
    }

答案 12 :(得分:2)

编辑:通过在单独的流程中完成实际工作并在超时时终止该流程来解决问题。请参阅下文了解详情。呼!

刚刚给了它一个运行它似乎很好地工作。我的同事有一个使用Thread对象的版本,但我发现委托类型的BeginInvoke()方法更优雅。

namespace TimedReadLine
{
   public static class Console
   {
      private delegate string ReadLineInvoker();

      public static string ReadLine(int timeout)
      {
         return ReadLine(timeout, null);
      }

      public static string ReadLine(int timeout, string @default)
      {
         using (var process = new System.Diagnostics.Process
         {
            StartInfo =
            {
               FileName = "ReadLine.exe",
               RedirectStandardOutput = true,
               UseShellExecute = false
            }
         })
         {
            process.Start();

            var rli = new ReadLineInvoker(process.StandardOutput.ReadLine);
            var iar = rli.BeginInvoke(null, null);

            if (!iar.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(new System.TimeSpan(0, 0, timeout)))
            {
               process.Kill();
               return @default;
            }

            return rli.EndInvoke(iar);
         }
      }
   }
}

ReadLine.exe项目非常简单,有一个类看起来像这样:

namespace ReadLine
{
   internal static class Program
   {
      private static void Main()
      {
         System.Console.WriteLine(System.Console.ReadLine());
      }
   }
}

答案 13 :(得分:2)

.NET 4使用Tasks使这非常简单。

首先,建立你的帮手:

   Private Function AskUser() As String
      Console.Write("Answer my question: ")
      Return Console.ReadLine()
   End Function

其次,执行任务并等待:

      Dim askTask As Task(Of String) = New TaskFactory().StartNew(Function() AskUser())
      askTask.Wait(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30))
      If Not askTask.IsCompleted Then
         Console.WriteLine("User failed to respond.")
      Else
         Console.WriteLine(String.Format("You responded, '{0}'.", askTask.Result))
      End If

没有尝试重新创建ReadLine功能或执行其他危险的黑客工作。任务让我们以非常自然的方式解决问题。

答案 14 :(得分:2)

不幸的是,我无法对Gulzar的帖子发表评论,但这里有一个更全面的例子:

            while (Console.KeyAvailable == false)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(250);
                i++;
                if (i > 3)
                    throw new Exception("Timedout waiting for input.");
            }
            input = Console.ReadLine();

答案 15 :(得分:1)

这不是很好吗?

if (SpinWait.SpinUntil(() => Console.KeyAvailable, millisecondsTimeout))
{
    ConsoleKeyInfo keyInfo = Console.ReadKey();

    // Handle keyInfo value here...
}

答案 16 :(得分:1)

这是Glen Slayden解决方案的更全面的例子。在为另一个问题构建测试用例时,我做了这个。它使用异步I / O和手动重置事件。

public static void Main() {
    bool readInProgress = false;
    System.IAsyncResult result = null;
    var stop_waiting = new System.Threading.ManualResetEvent(false);
    byte[] buffer = new byte[256];
    var s = System.Console.OpenStandardInput();
    while (true) {
        if (!readInProgress) {
            readInProgress = true;
            result = s.BeginRead(buffer, 0, buffer.Length
              , ar => stop_waiting.Set(), null);

        }
        bool signaled = true;
        if (!result.IsCompleted) {
            stop_waiting.Reset();
            signaled = stop_waiting.WaitOne(5000);
        }
        else {
            signaled = true;
        }
        if (signaled) {
            readInProgress = false;
            int numBytes = s.EndRead(result);
            string text = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer
              , 0, numBytes);
            System.Console.Out.Write(string.Format(
              "Thank you for typing: {0}", text));
        }
        else {
            System.Console.Out.WriteLine("oy, type something!");
        }
    }

答案 17 :(得分:1)

我的情况很好:

public static ManualResetEvent evtToWait = new ManualResetEvent(false);

private static void ReadDataFromConsole( object state )
{
    Console.WriteLine("Enter \"x\" to exit or wait for 5 seconds.");

    while (Console.ReadKey().KeyChar != 'x')
    {
        Console.Out.WriteLine("");
        Console.Out.WriteLine("Enter again!");
    }

    evtToWait.Set();
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
        Thread status = new Thread(ReadDataFromConsole);
        status.Start();

        evtToWait = new ManualResetEvent(false);

        evtToWait.WaitOne(5000); // wait for evtToWait.Set() or timeOut

        status.Abort(); // exit anyway
        return;
}

答案 18 :(得分:1)

解决此问题的简单线程示例

Thread readKeyThread = new Thread(ReadKeyMethod);
static ConsoleKeyInfo cki = null;

void Main()
{
    readKeyThread.Start();
    bool keyEntered = false;
    for(int ii = 0; ii < 10; ii++)
    {
        Thread.Sleep(1000);
        if(readKeyThread.ThreadState == ThreadState.Stopped)
            keyEntered = true;
    }
    if(keyEntered)
    { //do your stuff for a key entered
    }
}

void ReadKeyMethod()
{
    cki = Console.ReadKey();
}

或顶部的静态字符串,用于获取整行。

答案 19 :(得分:0)

string readline = "?";
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(
    delegate
    {
        readline = Console.ReadLine();
    }
);
do
{
    Thread.Sleep(100);
} while (readline == "?");

请注意,如果您沿着“Console.ReadKey”路线走下去,您将失去ReadLine的一些很酷的功能,即:

  • 支持删除,退格,箭头键等
  • 能够按下“向上”键并重复上一个命令(如果你实现了一个可以大量使用的后台调试控制台,这非常方便。)

要添加超时,请更改while循环以适应。

答案 20 :(得分:0)

请不要憎恨我为过多的现有答案添加另一种解决方案!这适用于Console.ReadKey(),但可以很容易地修改为与ReadLine()等一起使用。

由于“Console.Read”方法阻塞,因此需要“nudge”StdIn流来取消读取。

调用语法:

ConsoleKeyInfo keyInfo;
bool keyPressed = AsyncConsole.ReadKey(500, out keyInfo);
// where 500 is the timeout

代码:

public class AsyncConsole // not thread safe
{
    private static readonly Lazy<AsyncConsole> Instance =
        new Lazy<AsyncConsole>();

    private bool _keyPressed;
    private ConsoleKeyInfo _keyInfo;

    private bool DoReadKey(
        int millisecondsTimeout,
        out ConsoleKeyInfo keyInfo)
    {
        _keyPressed = false;
        _keyInfo = new ConsoleKeyInfo();

        Thread readKeyThread = new Thread(ReadKeyThread);
        readKeyThread.IsBackground = false;
        readKeyThread.Start();

        Thread.Sleep(millisecondsTimeout);

        if (readKeyThread.IsAlive)
        {
            try
            {
                IntPtr stdin = GetStdHandle(StdHandle.StdIn);
                CloseHandle(stdin);
                readKeyThread.Join();
            }
            catch { }
        }

        readKeyThread = null;

        keyInfo = _keyInfo;
        return _keyPressed;
    }

    private void ReadKeyThread()
    {
        try
        {
            _keyInfo = Console.ReadKey();
            _keyPressed = true;
        }
        catch (InvalidOperationException) { }
    }

    public static bool ReadKey(
        int millisecondsTimeout,
        out ConsoleKeyInfo keyInfo)
    {
        return Instance.Value.DoReadKey(millisecondsTimeout, out keyInfo);
    }

    private enum StdHandle { StdIn = -10, StdOut = -11, StdErr = -12 };

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
    private static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(StdHandle std);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
    private static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hdl);
}

答案 21 :(得分:0)

以下是使用Console.KeyAvailable的解决方案。这些是阻塞调用,但如果需要,通过TPL异步调用它们应该是相当简单的。我使用了标准的取消机制,可以轻松地使用任务异步模式和所有好东西。

public static class ConsoleEx
{
  public static string ReadLine(TimeSpan timeout)
  {
    var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
    return ReadLine(timeout, cts.Token);
  }

  public static string ReadLine(TimeSpan timeout, CancellationToken cancellation)
  {
    string line = "";
    DateTime latest = DateTime.UtcNow.Add(timeout);
    do
    {
        cancellation.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
        if (Console.KeyAvailable)
        {
            ConsoleKeyInfo cki = Console.ReadKey();
            if (cki.Key == ConsoleKey.Enter)
            {
                return line;
            }
            else
            {
                line += cki.KeyChar;
            }
        }
        Thread.Sleep(1);
    }
    while (DateTime.UtcNow < latest);
    return null;
  }
}

这有一些缺点。

  • 您没有获得ReadLine提供的标准导航功能(向上/向下箭头滚动等)。
  • 如果按下特殊键(F1,PrtScn等),则会将'\ 0'字符注入输入。您可以通过修改代码轻松过滤掉它们。

答案 22 :(得分:0)

结束此处是因为提出了重复的问题。我提出了以下解决方案,看起来很简单。我相信它有一些我错过的缺点。

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Hit q to continue or wait 10 seconds.");

    Task task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => loop());

    Console.WriteLine("Started waiting");
    task.Wait(10000);
    Console.WriteLine("Stopped waiting");
}

static void loop()
{
    while (true)
    {
        if ('q' == Console.ReadKey().KeyChar) break;
    }
}

答案 23 :(得分:0)

我来到这个答案并最终做到了:

    /// <summary>
    /// Reads Line from console with timeout. 
    /// </summary>
    /// <exception cref="System.TimeoutException">If user does not enter line in the specified time.</exception>
    /// <param name="timeout">Time to wait in milliseconds. Negative value will wait forever.</param>        
    /// <returns></returns>        
    public static string ReadLine(int timeout = -1)
    {
        ConsoleKeyInfo cki = new ConsoleKeyInfo();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        // if user does not want to spesify a timeout
        if (timeout < 0)
            return Console.ReadLine();

        int counter = 0;

        while (true)
        {
            while (Console.KeyAvailable == false)
            {
                counter++;
                Thread.Sleep(1);
                if (counter > timeout)
                    throw new System.TimeoutException("Line was not entered in timeout specified");
            }

            cki = Console.ReadKey(false);

            if (cki.Key == ConsoleKey.Enter)
            {
                Console.WriteLine();
                return sb.ToString();
            }
            else
                sb.Append(cki.KeyChar);                
        }            
    }

答案 24 :(得分:0)

使用Console.KeyAvailable的简单示例:

Console.WriteLine("Press any key during the next 2 seconds...");
Thread.Sleep(2000);
if (Console.KeyAvailable)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Key pressed");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("You were too slow");
}

答案 25 :(得分:0)

更现代和基于任务的代码看起来像这样:

public string ReadLine(int timeOutMillisecs)
{
    var inputBuilder = new StringBuilder();

    var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
    {
        while (true)
        {
            var consoleKey = Console.ReadKey(true);
            if (consoleKey.Key == ConsoleKey.Enter)
            {
                return inputBuilder.ToString();
            }

            inputBuilder.Append(consoleKey.KeyChar);
        }
    });


    var success = task.Wait(timeOutMillisecs);
    if (!success)
    {
        throw new TimeoutException("User did not provide input within the timelimit.");
    }

    return inputBuilder.ToString();
}

答案 26 :(得分:0)

我有一个Windows应用程序(Windows服务)的独特情况。以交互方式Environment.IsInteractive(VS Debugger或cmd.exe)运行程序时,我使用AttachConsole / AllocConsole来获取我的stdin / stdout。 为了防止进程在工作完成时结束,UI线程调用Console.ReadKey(false)。我想取消UI线程从另一个线程做的等待,所以我想出了@JSquaredD对解决方案的修改。

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;

internal class PressAnyKey
{
  private static Thread inputThread;
  private static AutoResetEvent getInput;
  private static AutoResetEvent gotInput;
  private static CancellationTokenSource cancellationtoken;

  static PressAnyKey()
  {
    // Static Constructor called when WaitOne is called (technically Cancel too, but who cares)
    getInput = new AutoResetEvent(false);
    gotInput = new AutoResetEvent(false);
    inputThread = new Thread(ReaderThread);
    inputThread.IsBackground = true;
    inputThread.Name = "PressAnyKey";
    inputThread.Start();
  }

  private static void ReaderThread()
  {
    while (true)
    {
      // ReaderThread waits until PressAnyKey is called
      getInput.WaitOne();
      // Get here 
      // Inner loop used when a caller uses PressAnyKey
      while (!Console.KeyAvailable && !cancellationtoken.IsCancellationRequested)
      {
        Thread.Sleep(50);
      }
      // Release the thread that called PressAnyKey
      gotInput.Set();
    }
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// Signals the thread that called WaitOne should be allowed to continue
  /// </summary>
  public static void Cancel()
  {
    // Trigger the alternate ending condition to the inner loop in ReaderThread
    if(cancellationtoken== null) throw new InvalidOperationException("Must call WaitOne before Cancelling");
    cancellationtoken.Cancel();
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// Wait until a key is pressed or <see cref="Cancel"/> is called by another thread
  /// </summary>
  public static void WaitOne()
  {
    if(cancellationtoken==null || cancellationtoken.IsCancellationRequested) throw new InvalidOperationException("Must cancel a pending wait");
    cancellationtoken = new CancellationTokenSource();
    // Release the reader thread
    getInput.Set();
    // Calling thread will wait here indefiniately 
    // until a key is pressed, or Cancel is called
    gotInput.WaitOne();
  }    
}

答案 27 :(得分:0)

这是一个安全的解决方案,它会在超时后伪造控制台输入以解锁线程。 https://github.com/Igorium/ConsoleReader项目提供了一个示例用户对话框实现。

var inputLine = ReadLine(5);

public static string ReadLine(uint timeoutSeconds, Func<uint, string> countDownMessage, uint samplingFrequencyMilliseconds)
{
    if (timeoutSeconds == 0)
        return null;

    var timeoutMilliseconds = timeoutSeconds * 1000;

    if (samplingFrequencyMilliseconds > timeoutMilliseconds)
        throw new ArgumentException("Sampling frequency must not be greater then timeout!", "samplingFrequencyMilliseconds");

    CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();

    Task.Factory
        .StartNew(() => SpinUserDialog(timeoutMilliseconds, countDownMessage, samplingFrequencyMilliseconds, cts.Token), cts.Token)
        .ContinueWith(t => {
            var hWnd = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainWindowHandle;
            PostMessage(hWnd, 0x100, 0x0D, 9);
        }, TaskContinuationOptions.NotOnCanceled);


    var inputLine = Console.ReadLine();
    cts.Cancel();

    return inputLine;
}


private static void SpinUserDialog(uint countDownMilliseconds, Func<uint, string> countDownMessage, uint samplingFrequencyMilliseconds,
    CancellationToken token)
{
    while (countDownMilliseconds > 0)
    {
        token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();

        Thread.Sleep((int)samplingFrequencyMilliseconds);

        countDownMilliseconds -= countDownMilliseconds > samplingFrequencyMilliseconds
            ? samplingFrequencyMilliseconds
            : countDownMilliseconds;
    }
}


[DllImport("User32.Dll", EntryPoint = "PostMessageA")]
private static extern bool PostMessage(IntPtr hWnd, uint msg, int wParam, int lParam);

答案 28 :(得分:0)

这似乎是最简单,最有效的解决方案,它不使用任何本机API:

    static Task<string> ReadLineAsync(CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        return Task.Run(() =>
        {
            while (!Console.KeyAvailable)
            {
                if (cancellation.IsCancellationRequested)
                    return null;

                Thread.Sleep(100);
            }
            return Console.ReadLine();
        });
    }

使用示例:

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        AsyncContext.Run(async () =>
        {
            CancellationTokenSource cancelSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
            cancelSource.CancelAfter(1000);
            Console.WriteLine(await ReadLineAsync(cancelSource.Token) ?? "null");
        });
    }

答案 29 :(得分:0)

以上Eric帖子的示例实现。此特定示例用于读取通过管道传递给控制台应用程序的信息:

 using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;

namespace PipedInfo
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            StreamReader buffer = ReadPipedInfo();

            Console.WriteLine(buffer.ReadToEnd());
        }

        #region ReadPipedInfo
        public static StreamReader ReadPipedInfo()
        {
            //call with a default value of 5 milliseconds
            return ReadPipedInfo(5);
        }

        public static StreamReader ReadPipedInfo(int waitTimeInMilliseconds)
        {
            //allocate the class we're going to callback to
            ReadPipedInfoCallback callbackClass = new ReadPipedInfoCallback();

            //to indicate read complete or timeout
            AutoResetEvent readCompleteEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);

            //open the StdIn so that we can read against it asynchronously
            Stream stdIn = Console.OpenStandardInput();

            //allocate a one-byte buffer, we're going to read off the stream one byte at a time
            byte[] singleByteBuffer = new byte[1];

            //allocate a list of an arbitary size to store the read bytes
            List<byte> byteStorage = new List<byte>(4096);

            IAsyncResult asyncRead = null;
            int readLength = 0; //the bytes we have successfully read

            do
            {
                //perform the read and wait until it finishes, unless it's already finished
                asyncRead = stdIn.BeginRead(singleByteBuffer, 0, singleByteBuffer.Length, new AsyncCallback(callbackClass.ReadCallback), readCompleteEvent);
                if (!asyncRead.CompletedSynchronously)
                    readCompleteEvent.WaitOne(waitTimeInMilliseconds);

                //end the async call, one way or another

                //if our read succeeded we store the byte we read
                if (asyncRead.IsCompleted)
                {
                    readLength = stdIn.EndRead(asyncRead);
                    if (readLength > 0)
                        byteStorage.Add(singleByteBuffer[0]);
                }

            } while (asyncRead.IsCompleted && readLength > 0);
            //we keep reading until we fail or read nothing

            //return results, if we read zero bytes the buffer will return empty
            return new StreamReader(new MemoryStream(byteStorage.ToArray(), 0, byteStorage.Count));
        }

        private class ReadPipedInfoCallback
        {
            public void ReadCallback(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
            {
                //pull the user-defined variable and strobe the event, the read finished successfully
                AutoResetEvent readCompleteEvent = asyncResult.AsyncState as AutoResetEvent;
                readCompleteEvent.Set();
            }
        }
        #endregion ReadPipedInfo
    }
}

答案 30 :(得分:0)

另一种获得第二个线程的便宜方法是将其包装在委托中。

答案 31 :(得分:0)

我的代码完全基于朋友的回答@JSQuareD

但是我需要使用Stopwatch来计时,因为当我用Console.ReadKey()完成程序时,它仍在等待Console.ReadLine()并产生意外的行为。

它对我来说是完美的。保持原始Console.ReadLine()

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("What is the answer? (5 secs.)");
        try
        {
            var answer = ConsoleReadLine.ReadLine(5000);
            Console.WriteLine("Answer is: {0}", answer);
        }
        catch
        {
            Console.WriteLine("No answer");
        }
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

class ConsoleReadLine
{
    private static string inputLast;
    private static Thread inputThread = new Thread(inputThreadAction) { IsBackground = true };
    private static AutoResetEvent inputGet = new AutoResetEvent(false);
    private static AutoResetEvent inputGot = new AutoResetEvent(false);

    static ConsoleReadLine()
    {
        inputThread.Start();
    }

    private static void inputThreadAction()
    {
        while (true)
        {
            inputGet.WaitOne();
            inputLast = Console.ReadLine();
            inputGot.Set();
        }
    }

    // omit the parameter to read a line without a timeout
    public static string ReadLine(int timeout = Timeout.Infinite)
    {
        if (timeout == Timeout.Infinite)
        {
            return Console.ReadLine();
        }
        else
        {
            var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
            stopwatch.Start();

            while (stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds < timeout && !Console.KeyAvailable) ;

            if (Console.KeyAvailable)
            {
                inputGet.Set();
                inputGot.WaitOne();
                return inputLast;
            }
            else
            {
                throw new TimeoutException("User did not provide input within the timelimit.");
            }
        }
    }
}

答案 32 :(得分:0)

我有一个使用 Windows API 的解决方案,它比这里的许多解决方案有一些优势:

  • 使用 Console.ReadLine 来检索输入,因此您可以获得与之相关的所有细节(输入历史记录等)
  • 强制 Console.ReadLine 调用在超时后完成,这样您就不会为每次超时的调用积累一个新线程。
  • 不会不安全地中止线程。
  • 没有像输入伪造方法那样的焦点问题。

两个主要缺点:

  • 仅适用于 Windows。
  • 这很复杂。

基本思想是 Windows API 有一个函数来取消未完成的 I/O 请求:CancelIoEx。当您使用它取消 STDIN 上的操作时,Console.ReadLine 会抛出 OperationCanceledException。

所以这是你的方法:

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleHelper
{
    public static class ConsoleHelper
    {
        public static string ReadLine(TimeSpan timeout)
        {
            return ReadLine(Task.Delay(timeout));
        }

        public static string ReadLine(Task cancel_trigger)
        {
            var status = new Status();

            var cancel_task = Task.Run(async () =>
            {
                await cancel_trigger;

                status.Mutex.WaitOne();
                bool io_done = status.IODone;
                if (!io_done)
                    status.CancellationStarted = true;
                status.Mutex.ReleaseMutex();

                while (!status.IODone)
                {
                    var success = CancelStdIn(out int error_code);

                    if (!success && error_code != 0x490) // 0x490 is what happens when you call cancel and there is not a pending I/O request
                        throw new Exception($"Canceling IO operation on StdIn failed with error {error_code} ({error_code:x})");
                }
            });

            ReadLineWithStatus(out string input, out bool read_canceled);
            
            if (!read_canceled)
            {
                status.Mutex.WaitOne();
                bool must_wait = status.CancellationStarted;
                status.IODone = true;
                status.Mutex.ReleaseMutex();

                if (must_wait)
                    cancel_task.Wait();

                return input;
            }
            else // read_canceled == true
            {
                status.Mutex.WaitOne();
                bool cancel_started = status.CancellationStarted;
                status.IODone = true;
                status.Mutex.ReleaseMutex();

                if (!cancel_started)
                    throw new Exception("Received cancelation not triggered by this method.");
                else
                    cancel_task.Wait();

                return null;
            }
        }

        private const int STD_INPUT_HANDLE = -10;

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern bool CancelIoEx(IntPtr handle, IntPtr lpOverlapped);


        private static bool CancelStdIn(out int error_code)
        {
            var handle = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
            bool success = CancelIoEx(handle, IntPtr.Zero);

            if (success)
            {
                error_code = 0;
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                var rc = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
                error_code = rc;
                return false;
            }
        }

        private class Status
        {
            public Mutex Mutex = new Mutex(false);
            public volatile bool IODone;
            public volatile bool CancellationStarted;
        }

        private static void ReadLineWithStatus(out string result, out bool operation_canceled)
        {
            try
            {
                result = Console.ReadLine();
                operation_canceled = false;
            }
            catch (OperationCanceledException)
            {
                result = null;
                operation_canceled = true;
            }
        }
    }
}

避免简化这一点的诱惑,使线程正确是非常棘手的。您需要处理所有这些情况:

  • CancelStdIn 开始之前触发取消并调用 Console.ReadLine(这就是您需要 cancel_trigger 中的循环的原因)。
  • Console.ReadLine 在触发取消之前返回(可能很久之前)。
  • Console.ReadLine 在取消触发后但在调用 CancelStdIn 之前返回。
  • Console.ReadLine 因调用 CancelStdIn 以响应取消触发器而引发异常。

学分: 从 SO answer 那里得到 CancelIoEx 的想法是从 Gérald Barré's blog 那里得到的。然而,这些解决方案存在细微的并发错误。