使用anaconda在Visual Studio代码上导入matplotlib的pyplot失败

Question

我将anaconda用作python包管理器，将Visual Studio Code用作python IDE。

虽然我可以从VS代码中查看和选择虚拟环境，但是从VS代码执行时却无法加载matplotlib.pyplot。

我创建了一个test虚拟环境，并使用conda install matplotlib安装了matplotlib。 我已明确选择此conda test环境作为VS Code中的Python解释器，如以下屏幕快照所示：

从VS代码运行此python文件：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
print("Hello world")

失败，并出现以下错误：

PS Q:\Code\Tests> & 'C:\Users\louen\.conda\envs\test\python.exe' 'c:\Users\louen\.vscode\extensions\ms-python.python-2019.8.30787\pythonFiles\ptvsd_launcher.py' '--default' '--client' '--host' 'localhost' '--port' '50055' 'q:\Code\Tests\hello.py'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\Users\louen\.vscode\extensions\ms-python.python-2019.8.30787\pythonFiles\ptvsd_launcher.py", line 43, in <module>
    main(ptvsdArgs)
  File "c:\Users\louen\.vscode\extensions\ms-python.python-2019.8.30787\pythonFiles\lib\python\ptvsd\__main__.py", line 432, in main
    run()
  File "c:\Users\louen\.vscode\extensions\ms-python.python-2019.8.30787\pythonFiles\lib\python\ptvsd\__main__.py", line 316, in run_file
    runpy.run_path(target, run_name='__main__')
  File "C:\Users\louen\.conda\envs\test\lib\runpy.py", line 263, in run_path
    pkg_name=pkg_name, script_name=fname)
  File "C:\Users\louen\.conda\envs\test\lib\runpy.py", line 96, in _run_module_code
    mod_name, mod_spec, pkg_name, script_name)
  File "C:\Users\louen\.conda\envs\test\lib\runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "q:\Code\Tests\hello.py", line 1, in <module>
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  File "C:\Users\louen\.conda\envs\test\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 32, in <module>
    import matplotlib.colorbar
  File "C:\Users\louen\.conda\envs\test\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\colorbar.py", line 31, in <module>
    import matplotlib.contour as contour
  File "C:\Users\louen\.conda\envs\test\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\contour.py", line 16, in <module>
    import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager
  File "C:\Users\louen\.conda\envs\test\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py", line 40, in <module>
    from matplotlib import afm, cbook, ft2font, rcParams
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

但是，从anaconda命令提示符运行相同的文件是可行的：

(test) C:\Users\louen>python Q:\Code\Tests\hello.py
Hello World

此外，仅导入matplotlib也不会触发错误。

这是conda info

的输出

(test) C:\Users\louen>conda info

     active environment : test
    active env location : C:\Users\louen\.conda\envs\test
            shell level : 3
       user config file : C:\Users\louen\.condarc
 populated config files :
          conda version : 4.6.14
    conda-build version : 3.10.5
         python version : 3.6.5.final.0
       base environment : C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64  (read only)
           channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/noarch
          package cache : C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\pkgs
                          C:\Users\louen\.conda\pkgs
                          C:\Users\louen\AppData\Local\conda\conda\pkgs
       envs directories : C:\Users\louen\.conda\envs
                          C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\envs
                          C:\Users\louen\AppData\Local\conda\conda\envs
               platform : win-64
             user-agent : conda/4.6.14 requests/2.18.4 CPython/3.6.5 Windows/10 Windows/10.0.17134
          administrator : False
             netrc file : None
           offline mode : False

此错误来自何处？ VS代码执行环境和conda环境之间有区别吗？

Answer 1

如果您在调试器运行时在输出中注意到，终端没有及时完成conda激活，因此Python找不到您的conda安装包。这是我们试图在扩展程序中修复的conda issues的更大集合的一部分，但是由于conda和VS Code的操作方式，这令人惊讶地困难。

Answer 2

我通过在 vscode 中将默认 shell 可执行文件设置为“C:/Windows/System32/cmd.exe”来完成这项工作

步骤：

1. 打开 vscode 设置
2. 在过滤器中输入“powershell”
3. 找到“在 settings.json 中编辑”并点击它
4. 设置 "terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "C:/Windows/System32/cmd.exe"
5. 保存 settings.json