Question

我已经创建了一个自定义用户模型，并且有两个模型“ Staff”和“ Patient”与我的自定义用户模型具有OneToOne关系。我已经成功迁移，但是执行第二行代码

时发生错误

doc = User.objects.create_user(email='jlennon@beatles.com',password='glassdoor',user_type=1)
s_doc = Staff.objects.get_or_create(user=doc)

，出现此错误： “ django.db.utils.ProgrammingError：栏Staff.id不存在第1行：选择“人员”。“ id”，“人员”。“ user_id”，“人员”。“部门” ...“

models.py

class User(AbstractUser):

    #use email as authentication
    username = None
    email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), unique=True)

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = []

    objects = CustomUserManager()

    USER_TYPE_CHOICES = (
      (1, 'doctor'),
      (2, 'labPeople'),
      (3, 'receptionist'),
      (4, 'patient'),
      (5, 'admin'),
    )
    user_type = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(choices=USER_TYPE_CHOICES,null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.email
  # class Meta:
  #       db_table = 'auth_user'

class Staff(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE,related_name='staff')
    id = models.AutoField(db_column='ID', primary_key=True)  # Field name made lowercase.
    fname = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    lname = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    sex = models.BooleanField(blank=True, null=True)
    tel_no = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=255,unique=True)
    department = models.ForeignKey('Department', on_delete=models.CASCADE, db_column='department', blank=True, null=True)
    hospital = models.ForeignKey('Hospital', on_delete=models.CASCADE, db_column='hospital', blank=True, null=True)

    class Meta:
        # managed = False
        db_table = 'Staff'

class Patient(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE,related_name='patient')
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=255,unique=True)
    fname = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    lname = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    dob = models.DateField(db_column='DOB', blank=True, null=True)  # Field name made lowercase.
    sex = models.BooleanField(blank=True, null=True)
    tel_no = models.CharField(max_length=255,blank=True,null=True)
    address = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    nin = models.AutoField(db_column='NIN', primary_key=True)  # Field name made lowercase.

    class Meta:
        # managed = False
        db_table = 'Patient'

managers.py

from django.contrib.auth.base_user import BaseUserManager
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.db import models
import django



class CustomUserManager(BaseUserManager):
    """
    Custom user model manager where email is the unique identifiers
    for authentication instead of usernames.
    """
    use_in_migrations = True
    def _create_user(self, email, user_type, password, **extra_fields):
        """
        Create and save a User with the given email and password.
        """
        django.setup()
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('The Email must be set')
        email = self.normalize_email(email)
        user = self.model(email=email, user_type=user_type, **extra_fields)
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_user(self, email, user_type, password=None, **extra_fields):
        """Create and save a regular User with the given email and password."""
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', False)
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', False)
        if user_type in set([1,2,3,5]):
            is_staff = True
        return self._create_user(email, user_type, password, **extra_fields)

    def create_superuser(self, email, user_type, password, **extra_fields):
        """
        Create and save a SuperUser with the given email and password.
        """
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', True)
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', True)
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_active', True)

        if extra_fields.get('is_staff') is not True:
            raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_staff=True.')
        if extra_fields.get('is_superuser') is not True:
            raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_superuser=True.')
        return self._create_user(email, user_type, password, **extra_fields)

回溯如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "populate_health.py", line 90, in <module>
    populate()
  File "populate_health.py", line 26, in populate
    s_doc = Staff.objects.get_or_create(user=doc)
  File "//anaconda/envs/myhealth/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 82, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "//anaconda/envs/myhealth/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 538, in get_or_create
    return self.get(**kwargs), False
  File "//anaconda/envs/myhealth/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 402, in get
    num = len(clone)
  File "//anaconda/envs/myhealth/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 256, in __len__
    self._fetch_all()
  File "//anaconda/envs/myhealth/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 1242, in _fetch_all
    self._result_cache = list(self._iterable_class(self))
  File "//anaconda/envs/myhealth/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 55, in __iter__
    results = compiler.execute_sql(chunked_fetch=self.chunked_fetch, chunk_size=self.chunk_size)
  File "//anaconda/envs/myhealth/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 1100, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "//anaconda/envs/myhealth/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 99, in execute
    return super().execute(sql, params)
  File "//anaconda/envs/myhealth/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 67, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "//anaconda/envs/myhealth/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 76, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "//anaconda/envs/myhealth/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "//anaconda/envs/myhealth/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "//anaconda/envs/myhealth/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: column Staff.id does not exist
LINE 1: SELECT "Staff"."id", "Staff"."user_id", "Staff"."department"...

当我没有为Staff定义id时，我第一次遇到此错误，因为django会自动执行。但我只是将其添加尝试，结果是相同的。我还尝试创建一个Patient对象，这将导致相同的错误。

我在这个问题上坚持了一个多星期，只发现在迁移时发生了其他一些类似的问题，这是不一样的。这是怎么回事？

Answer 1

易于使用由于您的表中有一个主键，而django也为您的“ id”提供了自动值，因此由于具有多个“ id”值而导致购买此错误。使用“ DROP [IF EXISTS] dbname;“然后使用相同的名称再次创建数据库，然后使用“ python manage.py makemigrations”再次进行迁移，然后使用“ python manage.py migrate”进行迁移，它将正常工作。

Answer 2

我遇到了同样的错误，但我能够通过擦除所有文件来修复它，但每个应用程序的迁移文件夹中的 init.py 除外，然后您可以应用 makemigrations 并迁移。那为我解决。之后编辑：当我们尝试将用户模型与扩展模型 Appuser 联系起来时，我们遇到了一个错误，即在我们迁移新模型时，先前使用迁移进行的 couns 未更改，为此我们删除了未列出的列新模型。

“ django.db.utils.ProgrammingError：栏Staff.id不存在第1行：SELECT” Staff“。” id“，” Staff“。” user_id“，” Staff“。”部门“ ....”

2 个答案: