我试图弄清楚如何在Cython中处理列表/数组，这似乎不太复杂，所以我更喜欢只使用C ++列表，因为我看到有人在SO上使用过。但是，当我运行他们的代码时，我在ipynb中收到gcc +编译错误。 Cython数据结构令人震惊。
当我在一个单元格中独自跑时出现此错误，我尝试导入有无%% cython魔术调用以及没有这两种错误...
'''
%%cython
from libcpp.list cimport list as cpplist
'''
def main(int t):
cdef cpplist[int] temp
for x in range(t):
if x> 0:
temp.push_back(x)
cdef int N = temp.size()
cdef list OutputList = N*[0]
for i in range(N):
OutputList[i] = temp.front()
temp.pop_front()
return OutputList
'''
'''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DistutilsExecError Traceback (most recent call last)
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py in _compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts)
117 self.spawn(compiler_so + cc_args + [src, '-o', obj] +
--> 118 extra_postargs)
119 except DistutilsExecError as msg:
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/ccompiler.py in spawn(self, cmd)
908 def spawn(self, cmd):
--> 909 spawn(cmd, dry_run=self.dry_run)
910
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/spawn.py in spawn(cmd, search_path, verbose, dry_run)
35 if os.name == 'posix':
---> 36 _spawn_posix(cmd, search_path, dry_run=dry_run)
37 elif os.name == 'nt':
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/spawn.py in _spawn_posix(cmd, search_path, verbose, dry_run)
158 "command %r failed with exit status %d"
--> 159 % (cmd, exit_status))
160 elif os.WIFSTOPPED(status):
DistutilsExecError: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
CompileError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-6-70891eecfa66> in <module>()
----> 1 get_ipython().run_cell_magic('cython', '--cplus', '\n# distutils: language = c++\nfor i in range(10):\n print(i)\n \n\n\n#from libc.math cimport log\nfrom libcpp.list cimport list as cpplist')
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py in run_cell_magic(self, magic_name, line, cell)
2165 magic_arg_s = self.var_expand(line, stack_depth)
2166 with self.builtin_trap:
-> 2167 result = fn(magic_arg_s, cell)
2168 return result
2169
<decorator-gen-127> in cython(self, line, cell)
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/core/magic.py in <lambda>(f, *a, **k)
185 # but it's overkill for just that one bit of state.
186 def magic_deco(arg):
--> 187 call = lambda f, *a, **k: f(*a, **k)
188
189 if callable(arg):
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Build/IpythonMagic.py in cython(self, line, cell)
327
328 self._build_extension(extension, lib_dir, pgo_step_name='use' if args.pgo else None,
--> 329 quiet=args.quiet)
330
331 module = imp.load_dynamic(module_name, module_path)
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Build/IpythonMagic.py in _build_extension(self, extension, lib_dir, temp_dir, pgo_step_name, quiet)
437 if not quiet:
438 old_threshold = distutils.log.set_threshold(distutils.log.DEBUG)
--> 439 build_extension.run()
440 finally:
441 if not quiet and old_threshold is not None:
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/build_ext.py in run(self)
337
338 # Now actually compile and link everything.
--> 339 self.build_extensions()
340
341 def check_extensions_list(self, extensions):
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/build_ext.py in build_extensions(self)
446 self._build_extensions_parallel()
447 else:
--> 448 self._build_extensions_serial()
449
450 def _build_extensions_parallel(self):
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/build_ext.py in _build_extensions_serial(self)
471 for ext in self.extensions:
472 with self._filter_build_errors(ext):
--> 473 self.build_extension(ext)
474
475 @contextlib.contextmanager
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/build_ext.py in build_extension(self, ext)
531 debug=self.debug,
532 extra_postargs=extra_args,
--> 533 depends=ext.depends)
534
535 # XXX outdated variable, kept here in case third-part code
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/ccompiler.py in compile(self, sources, output_dir, macros, include_dirs, debug, extra_preargs, extra_postargs, depends)
572 except KeyError:
573 continue
--> 574 self._compile(obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts)
575
576 # Return *all* object filenames, not just the ones we just built.
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py in _compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts)
118 extra_postargs)
119 except DistutilsExecError as msg:
--> 120 raise CompileError(msg)
121
122 def create_static_lib(self, objects, output_libname,
CompileError: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
当我在一个单元格中独自跑时出现此错误，我尝试导入有无%% cython魔术调用以及没有这两种错误...
在Cython中，我得到了'None'类型的对象没有长度（Cython语言中唯一的错误消息）
或
语法无效
请告知，Cython已准备好将我的头发撕成两天。
编辑：我尝试使用：
%%cython --cplus
#distutils: language = c++
相同的错误消息。 另外，仅运行'%% cython --cplus'会给我一个错误消息，是一个吗？ 单元中有任何内容，简单的打印内容或其他任何内容。我认为我的cpp扩展名出了点问题...我该如何解决？
在终端中（使用runipy －除了通过setup.py和distutils Build进行编译外，不知道如何在终端中运行ipynb）
zacharys-mbp:Cython zoakes$ runipy CSTL.ipynb
08/08/2019 08:47:47 PM INFO: Reading notebook CSTL.ipynb
08/08/2019 08:47:49 PM INFO: Running cell:
%load_ext cython
08/08/2019 08:47:49 PM INFO: Cell returned
08/08/2019 08:47:49 PM INFO: Running cell:
%%cython
#distutils: language = c++
from libcpp.list cimport list as cpplist
warning: include path for stdlibc++ headers not found; pass '- stdlib=libc++' on
the command line to use the libc++ standard library instead
[-Wstdlibcxx-not-found]
/Users/zoakes/.ipython/cython/_cython_magic_5a0764b273da2aafc5775e4dd20b1249.cpp:592:10: fatal error:
'ios' file not found
#include "ios"
^~~~~
1 warning and 1 error generated.
08/08/2019 08:47:50 PM INFO: Cell raised uncaught exception:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DistutilsExecError Traceback (most recent call last)
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py in _compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts)
117 self.spawn(compiler_so + cc_args + [src, '-o', obj] +
--> 118 extra_postargs)
119 except DistutilsExecError as msg:
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/ccompiler.py in spawn(self, cmd)
908 def spawn(self, cmd):
--> 909 spawn(cmd, dry_run=self.dry_run)
910
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/spawn.py in spawn(cmd, search_path, verbose, dry_run)
35 if os.name == 'posix':
---> 36 _spawn_posix(cmd, search_path, dry_run=dry_run)
37 elif os.name == 'nt':
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/spawn.py in _spawn_posix(cmd, search_path, verbose, dry_run)
158 "command %r failed with exit status %d"
--> 159 % (cmd, exit_status))
160 elif os.WIFSTOPPED(status):
DistutilsExecError: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
CompileError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-2-e4f283bb7389> in <module>()
----> 1 get_ipython().run_cell_magic('cython', '', '\n#distutils: language = c++\nfrom libcpp.list cimport list as cpplist')
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py in run_cell_magic(self, magic_name, line, cell)
2165 magic_arg_s = self.var_expand(line, stack_depth)
2166 with self.builtin_trap:
-> 2167 result = fn(magic_arg_s, cell)
2168 return result
2169
<decorator-gen-127> in cython(self, line, cell)
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/core/magic.py in <lambda>(f, *a, **k)
185 # but it's overkill for just that one bit of state.
186 def magic_deco(arg):
--> 187 call = lambda f, *a, **k: f(*a, **k)
188
189 if callable(arg):
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Build/IpythonMagic.py in cython(self, line, cell)
327
328 self._build_extension(extension, lib_dir, pgo_step_name='use' if args.pgo else None,
--> 329 quiet=args.quiet)
330
331 module = imp.load_dynamic(module_name, module_path)
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Build/IpythonMagic.py in _build_extension(self, extension, lib_dir, temp_dir, pgo_step_name, quiet)
437 if not quiet:
438 old_threshold = distutils.log.set_threshold(distutils.log.DEBUG)
--> 439 build_extension.run()
440 finally:
441 if not quiet and old_threshold is not None:
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/build_ext.py in run(self)
337
338 # Now actually compile and link everything.
--> 339 self.build_extensions()
340
341 def check_extensions_list(self, extensions):
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/build_ext.py in build_extensions(self)
446 self._build_extensions_parallel()
447 else:
--> 448 self._build_extensions_serial()
449
450 def _build_extensions_parallel(self):
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/build_ext.py in _build_extensions_serial(self)
471 for ext in self.extensions:
472 with self._filter_build_errors(ext):
--> 473 self.build_extension(ext)
474
475 @contextlib.contextmanager
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/build_ext.py in build_extension(self, ext)
531 debug=self.debug,
532 extra_postargs=extra_args,
--> 533 depends=ext.depends)
534
535 # XXX outdated variable, kept here in case third-part code
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/ccompiler.py in compile(self, sources, output_dir, macros, include_dirs, debug, extra_preargs, extra_postargs, depends)
572 except KeyError:
573 continue
--> 574 self._compile(obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts)
575
576 # Return *all* object filenames, not just the ones we just built.
/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py in _compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts)
118 extra_postargs)
119 except DistutilsExecError as msg:
--> 120 raise CompileError(msg)
121
122 def create_static_lib(self, objects, output_libname,
CompileError: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
08/08/2019 08:47:50 PM INFO: Shutdown kernel
08/08/2019 08:47:50 PM WARNING: Exiting with nonzero exit status
答案 0 :(得分：1)
我认为这是Mac问题，这限制了我的帮助能力。但是，关键错误消息似乎是：
warning: include path for stdlibc++ headers not found; pass '-stdlib=libc++' on
the command line to use the libc++ standard library instead
[-Wstdlibcxx-not-found]
如果您搜索此消息（的一部分），则看起来与XCode有关。有时，Apple将编译器从GCC切换到了Clang，这改变了它使用的C ++标准库的实现。
我认为最好的解决方案是在XCode上安装“ stdlibc ++”。不幸的是，我不知道您实际上如何做到这一点。
第二好的解决方案是为Cython添加建议的命令行参数-我认为这是第二好的，因为它使用的是C ++标准库的实现稍有不匹配。
%%cython --compile-args=-stdlib=libc++ --link-args=-stdlib=libc++
我不确定是否需要同时在编译和链接args或仅在编译args中。