Python如何重用Mock以避免多次编写mock.patch?

时间:2019-07-31 23:20:48

标签: python python-3.x flask mocking python-mock

给出如下代码:

import flask
import time

app = flask.Flask(__name__)

def authorize():
    print('starting authorize io')
    time.sleep(1)
    print('done authorize io')

class BlockingIo():
    def __init__(self, n):
        self.n = n
    def do(self):
        print('starting blocking io')
        time.sleep(1)
        print('ending blocking io')

@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
@app.route('/<int:n>/', methods=['GET'])
def foo(n=1):
    authorize()
    b = BlockingIo(n)
    b.do()
    return str(n), 200

#app.run(port=5000)

我希望能够为GET /n/编写多个测试,每个测试都模拟authorizeBlockingIO(n)

app.testing = True
testapp = app.test_client()

import unittest
from unittest import mock

mock.patch('__main__.authorize')

class TestBlockingIo(unittest.TestCase):
    @mock.patch('__main__.authorize')
    @mock.patch('__main__.BlockingIo.do')
    def test_1(self, m, m2):
        r = testapp.get('/1/')
        self.assertEquals(r.data, b'1')
    @mock.patch('__main__.authorize')
    @mock.patch('__main__.BlockingIo.do')
    def test_2(self, m, m2):
        r = testapp.get('/2/')
        self.assertEquals(r.data, b'2')

unittest.main()

但是,我不想一遍又一遍地写出@mock.patch装饰器。

我知道我们可以使用类装饰器,并且可以将其子类化以提高可重用性:

@mock.patch('__main__.authorize')
@mock.patch('__main__.BlockingIo.do')
class TestBlockingIo(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_1(self, m, m2):
        r = testapp.get('/1/')
        self.assertEquals(r.data, b'1')
    def test_2(self, m, m2):
        r = testapp.get('/2/')
        self.assertEquals(r.data, b'2')

但是,这迫使类中的所有测试函数为每个模拟增加一个额外的参数。如果我在此类中的测试不需要BlockingIoauthorize的模拟怎么办?

我想我想要的是一种执行以下操作的方法:

m = mock.something('__main__.authorize')
m2 = mock.something('__main__.BlockingIo.do')    

class TestBlockingIo(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_1(self):
        r = testapp.get('/1/')
        self.assertEquals(r.data, b'1')
    def test_2(self):
        r = testapp.get('/2/')
        self.assertEquals(r.data, b'2')

如何重用@mock.patch('__main__.authorize')@mock.patch('__main__.BlockingIo.do')以避免重复测试?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

您可以使用patches并在setUp块中重复使用它们。

补丁程序很好,您可以在测试完成后“取消补丁”,这意味着您不会永远被嘲笑,因为某些其他测试可能需要在真实代码上运行。

在上面的链接上,您将看到以下代码:

>>> class MyTest(TestCase):
...     def setUp(self):
...         patcher = patch('package.module.Class')
...         self.MockClass = patcher.start()
...         self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)
...
...     def test_something(self):
...         assert package.module.Class is self.MockClass
...

它工作正常,但我真的不喜欢为每个补丁调用patch()start()addCleanup()

您可以轻松地将其归为可在测试类中重用的基类:

class PatchMixin:

    def patch(self, target, **kwargs):
        p = mock.patch(target, **kwargs)
        p.start()
        self.addCleanup(p.stop)

class TestBlockingIo(unittest.TestCase, PatchMixin):

    def setUp(self):
        self.patch('__main__.authorize')
        self.patch('__main__.BlockingIo.do')

    def test_1(self):
        r = testapp.get('/1/')
        self.assertEquals(r.data, b'1')

    def test_2(self):
        r = testapp.get('/2/')
        self.assertEquals(r.data, b'2')