Question

我正在编写一个程序来设置一个序列，其中各种对象将出现在报告中。序列是Excel电子表格中的Y位置（单元格）。

下面是代码的演示部分。我想要完成的是拥有一个集合，这将允许我添加多个对象，我可以根据序列获得一个已排序的集合

SortedList list = new SortedList();

Header h = new Header();
h.XPos = 1;
h.name = "Header_1";
list.Add(h.XPos, h);

h = new Header();
h.XPos = 1;
h.name = "Header_2";
list.Add(h.XPos, h);

我知道SortedList不允许这样，我一直在寻找替代品。我不想消除重复项，并且已经尝试List<KeyValuePair<int, object>>。

感谢。

Answer 1

使用您自己的IComparer！

就像其他一些答案中已经说过的那样，你应该使用你自己的比较器类。为此，我使用了一个通用的IComparer类，它可以与任何实现IComparable的东西一起使用：

/// <summary>
/// Comparer for comparing two keys, handling equality as beeing greater
/// Use this Comparer e.g. with SortedLists or SortedDictionaries, that don't allow duplicate keys
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TKey"></typeparam>
public class DuplicateKeyComparer<TKey>
                :
             IComparer<TKey> where TKey : IComparable
{
    #region IComparer<TKey> Members

    public int Compare(TKey x, TKey y)
    {
        int result = x.CompareTo(y);

        if (result == 0)
            return 1;   // Handle equality as beeing greater
        else
            return result;
    }

    #endregion
}

您将在实例化新的SortedList，SortedDictionary等时使用它：

SortedList<int, MyValueClass> slist = new SortedList<int, MyValueClass>(new DuplicateKeyComparer<int>());

这里int是可以重复的密钥。

Answer 2

您可以安全地使用List＆lt;＆gt; 。 List有一个Sort方法，其重载接受IComparer。您可以创建自己的分拣机类。这是一个例子：

private List<Curve> Curves;
this.Curves.Sort(new CurveSorter());

public class CurveSorter : IComparer<Curve>
{
    public int Compare(Curve c1, Curve c2)
    {
        return c2.CreationTime.CompareTo(c1.CreationTime);
    }
}

Answer 3

最简单的解决方案（与上述所有方法相比）：使用SortedSet<T>，它接受IComparer<SortableKey>类，然后以这种方式实现Compare方法：

public int Compare(SomeClass x, SomeClass y)
{
    var compared = x.SomeSortableKeyTypeField.CompareTo(y.SomeSortableKeyTypeField);
    if (compared != 0)
        return compared;

    // to allow duplicates
    var hashCodeCompare = x.GetHashCode().CompareTo(y.GetHashCode());
    if (hashCodeCompare != 0)
        return hashCodeCompare;

    if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, y))
        return 0;

    // for weird duplicate hashcode cases, throw as below or implement your last chance comparer
    throw new ComparisonFailureException();

}

Answer 4

我使用以下内容：

public class TupleList<T1, T2> : List<Tuple<T1, T2>> where T1 : IComparable
{
    public void Add(T1 item, T2 item2)
    {
        Add(new Tuple<T1, T2>(item, item2));
    }

    public new void Sort()
    {
        Comparison<Tuple<T1, T2>> c = (a, b) => a.Item1.CompareTo(b.Item1);
        base.Sort(c);
    }

}

我的测试用例：

[TestMethod()]
    public void SortTest()
    {
        TupleList<int, string> list = new TupleList<int, string>();
        list.Add(1, "cat");
        list.Add(1, "car");
        list.Add(2, "dog");
        list.Add(2, "door");
        list.Add(3, "elephant");
        list.Add(1, "coconut");
        list.Add(1, "cab");
        list.Sort();
        foreach(Tuple<int, string> tuple in list)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}:{1}", tuple.Item1,tuple.Item2));
        }
        int expected_first = 1;
        int expected_last = 3;
        int first = list.First().Item1;  //requires using System.Linq
        int last = list.Last().Item1;    //requires using System.Linq
        Assert.AreEqual(expected_first, first);
        Assert.AreEqual(expected_last, last);
    }

输出：

1:cab
1:coconut
1:car
1:cat
2:door
2:dog
3:elephant

Answer 5

问题是数据结构设计不符合要求：有必要为相同的XPos存储多个Header。因此，SortedList<XPos, value>的值不应为Header，而应为List<Header>。这是一个简单而小的改变，但它解决了所有问题并避免像其他建议的解决方案一样产生新问题（见下面的解释）：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace TrySortedList {
  class Program {

    class Header {
      public int XPos;
      public string Name;
    }

    static void Main(string[] args) {
      SortedList<int, List<Header>> sortedHeaders = new SortedList<int,List<Header>>();
      add(sortedHeaders, 1, "Header_1");
      add(sortedHeaders, 1, "Header_2");
      add(sortedHeaders, 2, "Header_3");
      foreach (var headersKvp in sortedHeaders) {
        foreach (Header header in headersKvp.Value) {
          Console.WriteLine(header.XPos + ": " + header.Name);
        }
      }
    }

    private static void add(SortedList<int, List<Header>> sortedHeaders, int xPos, string name) {
      List<Header> headers;
      if (!sortedHeaders.TryGetValue(xPos, out headers)){
        headers = new List<Header>();
        sortedHeaders[xPos] = headers;
      }
      headers.Add(new Header { XPos = xPos, Name = name });
    }
  }
}

Output:
1: Header_1
1: Header_2
2: Header_3

请注意添加＆＃34;搞笑＆＃34;关键，就像添加一个随机数或假装2个具有相同值的XPO不同导致许多其他问题。例如，删除特定的标题变得很困难甚至不可能。

另请注意，如果只需要对每List<Header>个Header进行排序，排序性能会更好。示例：如果有100个XPos且每个包含100个标题，则需要对10000 Header进行排序，而不是100 List<Header>。

当然，这个解决方案也有一个缺点：如果有许多只有1个标头的XPO，需要创建多个列表，这是一些开销。

Answer 6

非常感谢你的帮助。在搜索更多时，我发现了这个解决方案。（在其他问题的Stackoverflow.com中可用）

首先，我创建了一个类来封装我的对象（Headers，Footer等）

public class MyPosition
{
    public int Position { get; set; }
    public object MyObjects{ get; set; }
}

所以这个类应该保留在对象上，每个对象的PosX都是int Position

List<MyPosition> Sequence= new List<MyPosition>();
Sequence.Add(new MyPosition() { Position = 1, Headerobject });
Sequence.Add(new MyPosition() { Position = 2, Headerobject1 });
Sequence.Add(new MyPosition() { Position = 1, Footer });

League.Sort((PosA, PosB) => PosA.Position.CompareTo(PosB.Position));

最终得到的是排序的“序列”列表。

Answer 7

此集合类将维护重复项并插入重复项的排序顺序。诀窍是使用唯一值标记项目插入它们以保持稳定的排序顺序。然后我们把它全部包裹起来 ICollection接口。

public class SuperSortedSet<TValue> : ICollection<TValue>
{
    private readonly SortedSet<Indexed<TValue>> _Container;
    private int _Index = 0;
    private IComparer<TValue> _Comparer;

    public SuperSortedSet(IComparer<TValue> comparer)
    {
        _Comparer = comparer;
        var c2 = new System.Linq.Comparer<Indexed<TValue>>((p0, p1) =>
        {
            var r = _Comparer.Compare(p0.Value, p1.Value);
            if (r == 0)
            {
                if (p0.Index == -1
                    || p1.Index == -1)
                    return 0;

                return p0.Index.CompareTo(p1.Index);

            }
            else return r;
        });
        _Container = new SortedSet<Indexed<TValue>>(c2);
    } 

    public IEnumerator<TValue> GetEnumerator() { return _Container.Select(p => p.Value).GetEnumerator(); }

    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() { return GetEnumerator(); }

    public void Add(TValue item) { _Container.Add(Indexed.Create(_Index++, item)); }

    public void Clear() { _Container.Clear();}

    public bool Contains(TValue item) { return _Container.Contains(Indexed.Create(-1,item)); }

    public void CopyTo(TValue[] array, int arrayIndex)
    {
        foreach (var value in this)
        {
            if (arrayIndex >= array.Length)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("Not enough space in array");
            }
            array[arrayIndex] = value;
            arrayIndex++;
        }
    }

    public bool Remove(TValue item) { return _Container.Remove(Indexed.Create(-1, item)); }

    public int Count {
        get { return _Container.Count; }
    }
    public bool IsReadOnly {
        get { return false; }
    }
}

测试类

[Fact]
public void ShouldWorkWithSuperSortedSet()
{
    // Sort points according to X
    var set = new SuperSortedSet<Point2D>
        (new System.Linq.Comparer<Point2D>((p0, p1) => p0.X.CompareTo(p1.X)));

    set.Add(new Point2D(9,10));
    set.Add(new Point2D(1,25));
    set.Add(new Point2D(11,-10));
    set.Add(new Point2D(2,99));
    set.Add(new Point2D(5,55));
    set.Add(new Point2D(5,23));
    set.Add(new Point2D(11,11));
    set.Add(new Point2D(21,12));
    set.Add(new Point2D(-1,76));
    set.Add(new Point2D(16,21));

    var xs = set.Select(p=>p.X).ToList();
    xs.Should().BeInAscendingOrder();
    xs.Count.Should()
       .Be(10);
    xs.ShouldBeEquivalentTo(new[]{-1,1,2,5,5,9,11,11,16,21});

    set.Remove(new Point2D(5,55));
    xs = set.Select(p=>p.X).ToList();
    xs.Count.Should()
       .Be(9);
    xs.ShouldBeEquivalentTo(new[]{-1,1,2,5,9,11,11,16,21});

    set.Remove(new Point2D(5,23));
    xs = set.Select(p=>p.X).ToList();
    xs.Count.Should()
       .Be(8);
    xs.ShouldBeEquivalentTo(new[]{-1,1,2,9,11,11,16,21});

    set.Contains(new Point2D(11, 11))
       .Should()
       .BeTrue();

    set.Contains(new Point2D(-1, 76))
        .Should().BeTrue();

    // Note that the custom compartor function ignores the Y value
    set.Contains(new Point2D(-1, 66))
        .Should().BeTrue();

    set.Contains(new Point2D(27, 66))
        .Should().BeFalse();

}

标记结构

public struct Indexed<T>
{
    public int Index { get; private set; }
    public T Value { get; private set; }
    public Indexed(int index, T value) : this()
    {
        Index = index;
        Value = value;
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return "(Indexed: " + Index + ", " + Value.ToString () + " )";
    }
}

public class Indexed
{
    public static Indexed<T> Create<T>(int indexed, T value)
    {
        return new Indexed<T>(indexed, value);
    }
}

lambda comparer helper

public class Comparer<T> : IComparer<T>
{
    private readonly Func<T, T, int> _comparer;

    public Comparer(Func<T, T, int> comparer)
    {
        if (comparer == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("comparer");
        _comparer = comparer;
    }

    public int Compare(T x, T y)
    {
        return _comparer(x, y);
    }
}

Answer 8

您是否尝试过允许重复密钥的Lookup<TKey, TElement> http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb460184.aspx

Answer 9

这就是我解决问题的方式。它是线程安全的，尽管如果不需要，您可以简单地删除lock。另外请注意，不支持在索引处使用任意Insert，因为这可能会违反排序条件。

public class ConcurrentOrderedList<Titem, Tsort> : ICollection<Titem>
{
    private object _lock = new object();
    private SortedDictionary<Tsort, List<Titem>> _internalLists;
    Func<Titem, Tsort> _getSortValue;
    
    public ConcurrentOrderedList(Func<Titem,Tsort> getSortValue)
    {
        _getSortValue = getSortValue;
        _internalLists = new SortedDictionary<Tsort, List<Titem>>();            
    }

    public int Count { get; private set; }

    public bool IsReadOnly => false;

    public void Add(Titem item)
    {
        lock (_lock)
        {
            List<Titem> values;
            Tsort sortVal = _getSortValue(item);
            if (!_internalLists.TryGetValue(sortVal, out values))
            {
                values = new List<Titem>();
                _internalLists.Add(sortVal, values);
            }
            values.Add(item);
            Count++;
        }            
    }

    public bool Remove(Titem item)
    {
        lock (_lock)
        {
            List<Titem> values;
            Tsort sortVal = _getSortValue(item);
            if (!_internalLists.TryGetValue(sortVal, out values))
                return false;

            var removed = values.Remove(item);
            if (removed)
                Count--;
            return removed;
        }
    }

    public void Clear()
    {
        lock (_lock)
        {
            _internalLists.Clear();
        }
    }

    public bool Contains(Titem item)
    {
        lock (_lock)
        {
            List<Titem> values;
            Tsort sortVal = _getSortValue(item);
            if (!_internalLists.TryGetValue(sortVal, out values))
                return false;
            return values.Contains(item);
        }
    }

    public void CopyTo(Titem[] array, int arrayIndex)
    {
        int i = arrayIndex;
        lock (_lock)
        {
            foreach (var list in _internalLists.Values)
            {
                list.CopyTo(array, i);
                i += list.Count;
            }
        }
    }

    public IEnumerator<Titem> GetEnumerator()
    {
        foreach (var list in _internalLists.Values)
        {
            foreach (var item in list)
                yield return item;
        }
    }

    public int IndexOf(Titem item)
    {
        int i = 0;
        var sortVal = _getSortValue(item);
        lock (_lock)
        {               
            foreach (var list in _internalLists)
            {
                if (object.Equals(list.Key, sortVal))
                {
                    int intIndex = list.Value.IndexOf(item);
                    if (intIndex == -1)
                        return -1;
                    return i + intIndex;
                }
                i += list.Value.Count;
            }
            return -1;
        }           
    }

    public void Insert(int index, Titem item)
    {
        throw new NotSupportedException();
    }

    // Note this method is indeterminate if there are multiple
    // items in the same sort position!
    public void RemoveAt(int index)
    {
        int i = 0;
        lock (_lock)
        {
            foreach (var list in _internalLists.Values)
            {
                if (i + list.Count < index)
                {
                    i += list.Count;
                    continue;
                }
                else
                {
                    list.RemoveAt(index - i);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return this.GetEnumerator();
    }
}

Answer 10

问题在于你使用的东西不是一个关键的键（导致它出现多次）。

因此，如果你有真正的坐标，你应该把Point作为你的SortedList的关键。

或者你创建一个List<List<Header>>，你的第一个列表索引定义了x位置，内部列表索引了y位置（如果你愿意，反之亦然）。

Answer 11

创建一个类并查询列表：

Public Class SortingAlgorithm
{
    public int ID {get; set;}
    public string name {get; set;}
    public string address1 {get; set;}
    public string city {get; set;}
    public string state {get; set;}
    public int age {get; set;}
}

//declare a sorting algorithm list
List<SortingAlgorithm> sortAlg = new List<SortingAlgorithm>();

//Add multiple values to the list
sortAlg.Add( new SortingAlgorithm() {ID = ID, name = name, address1 = address1, city = city, state = state, age = age});
sortAlg.Add( new SortingAlgorithm() {ID = ID, name = name, address1 = address1, city = city, state = state, age = age});
sortAlg.Add( new SortingAlgorithm() {ID = ID, name = name, address1 = address1, city = city, state = state, age = age});

//query and order by the list
  var sortedlist = (from s in sortAlg
                    select new { s.ID, s.name, s.address1, s.city, s.state, s.age })
                                                     .OrderBy(r => r.ID)
                                                     .ThenBy(r=> r.name)
                                                     .ThenBy(r=> r.city)
                                                     .ThenBy(r=>r.state)
                                                     .ThenBy(r=>r.age);

Answer 12

Linq.Lookup很酷，但是如果您的目标是简单地循环“键”，同时允许它们被复制，您可以使用此结构：

List<KeyValuePair<String, String>> FieldPatterns = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>() {
   new KeyValuePair<String,String>("Address","CommonString"),
   new KeyValuePair<String,String>("Username","UsernamePattern"),
   new KeyValuePair<String,String>("Username","CommonString"),
};

然后你可以写：

foreach (KeyValuePair<String,String> item in FieldPatterns)
{
   //use item.Key and item.Value
}

HTH

Answer 13

对此的关键（双关语）是创建一个基于IComparable的类来维护相等和散列，但如果不相等则永远不会比较为0。这可以完成，并且可以使用几个奖励创建 - 稳定排序（即，首先添加到排序列表中的值将保持其位置），ToString()可以简单地返回实际的键字符串值。

这是一个应该做的技巧的结构键：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

namespace System
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Defined in Totlsoft.Util.
    /// A key that will always be unique but compares
    /// primarily on the Key property, which is not required
    /// to be unique.
    /// </summary>
    public struct StableKey : IComparable<StableKey>, IComparable
    {
        private static long s_Next;
        private long m_Sequence;
        private IComparable m_Key;

        /// <summary>
        /// Defined in Totlsoft.Util.
        /// Constructs a StableKey with the given IComparable key.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        public StableKey( IComparable key )
        {
            if( null == key )
                throw new ArgumentNullException( "key" );

            m_Sequence = Interlocked.Increment( ref s_Next );
            m_Key = key;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Overridden. True only if internal sequence and the
        /// Key are equal.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override bool Equals( object obj )
        {
            if( !( obj is StableKey ) )
                return false;

            var dk = (StableKey)obj;

            return m_Sequence.Equals( dk.m_Sequence ) &&
                Key.Equals( dk.Key );
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Overridden. Gets the hash code of the internal
        /// sequence and the Key.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return m_Sequence.GetHashCode() ^ Key.GetHashCode();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Overridden. Returns Key.ToString().
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return Key.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The key that will be compared on.
        /// </summary>
        public IComparable Key
        {
            get
            {
                if( null == m_Key )
                    return 0;

                return m_Key;
            }
        }

        #region IComparable<StableKey> Members

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares this Key property to another. If they
        /// are the same, compares the incremented value.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public int CompareTo( StableKey other )
        {
            var cmp = Key.CompareTo( other.Key );
            if( cmp == 0 )
                cmp = m_Sequence.CompareTo( other.m_Sequence );

            return cmp;
        }

        #endregion

        #region IComparable Members

        int IComparable.CompareTo( object obj )
        {
            return CompareTo( (StableKey)obj );
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

Answer 14

您可以使用SortedList，将您的值用于TKey，将int（count）用于TValue。

以下是一个示例：一个对单词的字母进行排序的函数。

    private string sortLetters(string word)
    {
        var input = new System.Collections.Generic.SortedList<char, int>();

        foreach (var c in word.ToCharArray())
        {
            if (input.ContainsKey(c))
                input[c]++;
            else
                input.Add(c, 1);
        }

        var output = new StringBuilder();

        foreach (var kvp in input)
        {
            output.Append(kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
        }

        string s;

        return output.ToString();

    }

Answer 15

诀窍是使用唯一键扩充您的对象。参见以下通过的测试。我想要保持我的点按X值排序。只需在我的比较函数中使用裸露的Point2D即可导致具有相同X值的点被消除。所以我将Point2D包装在一个名为的标记类中索引。

[Fact]
public void ShouldBeAbleToUseCustomComparatorWithSortedSet()
{
    // Create comparer that compares on X value but when X
    // X values are uses the index
    var comparer = new 
        System.Linq.Comparer<Indexed<Point2D>>(( p0, p1 ) =>
        {
            var r = p0.Value.X.CompareTo(p1.Value.X);
            return r == 0 ? p0.Index.CompareTo(p1.Index) : r;
        });

    // Sort points according to X
    var set = new SortedSet<Indexed<Point2D>>(comparer);

    int i=0;

    // Create a helper function to wrap each point in a unique index
    Action<Point2D> index = p =>
    {
        var ip = Indexed.Create(i++, p);
        set.Add(ip);
    };

    index(new Point2D(9,10));
    index(new Point2D(1,25));
    index(new Point2D(11,-10));
    index(new Point2D(2,99));
    index(new Point2D(5,55));
    index(new Point2D(5,23));
    index(new Point2D(11,11));
    index(new Point2D(21,12));
    index(new Point2D(-1,76));
    index(new Point2D(16,21));
    set.Count.Should()
       .Be(10);
    var xs = set.Select(p=>p.Value.X).ToList();
    xs.Should()
      .BeInAscendingOrder();
    xs.ShouldBeEquivalentTo(new[]{-1,1,2,5,5,9,11,11,16,21});

}

实现这项工作的实用工具

采用lambda的比较器

public class Comparer<T> : IComparer<T>
{
    private readonly Func<T, T, int> _comparer;

    public Comparer(Func<T, T, int> comparer)
    {
        if (comparer == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("comparer");
        _comparer = comparer;
    }

    public int Compare(T x, T y)
    {
        return _comparer(x, y);
    }
}

标记结构

public struct Indexed<T>
{
    public int Index { get; private set; }
    public T Value { get; private set; }
    public Indexed(int index, T value) : this()
    {
        Index = index;
        Value = value;
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return "(Indexed: " + Index + ", " + Value.ToString () + " )";
    }
}

public class Indexed
{
    public static Indexed<T> Create<T>(int indexed, T value)
    {
        return new Indexed<T>(indexed, value);
    }
}

Answer 16

这是我的看法。请注意，这里可能是巨龙，对于我来说C＃仍然很新。

允许重复的键，值存储在列表中
我将其用作排序队列，因此使用了名称和方法

用法：

SortedQueue<MyClass> queue = new SortedQueue<MyClass>();
// new list on key "0" is created and item added
queue.Enqueue(0, first);
// new list on key "1" is created and item added
queue.Enqueue(1, second);
// items is added into list on key "0"
queue.Enqueue(0, third);
// takes the first item from list with smallest key
MyClass myClass = queue.Dequeue();

class SortedQueue<T> {
  public int Count;
  public SortedList<int, List<T>> Queue;

  public SortedQueue() {
    Count = 0;
    Queue = new SortedList<int, List<T>>();
  }

  public void Enqueue(int key, T value) {
    List<T> values;
    if (!Queue.TryGetValue(key, out values)){
      values = new List<T>();
      Queue.Add(key, values);
      Count += 1;
    }
    values.Add(value);
  }

  public T Dequeue() {
    if (Queue.Count > 0) {
      List<T> smallest = Queue.Values[0];
      if (smallest.Count > 0) {
        T item = smallest[0];
        smallest.Remove(item);
        return item;
      } else {
        Queue.RemoveAt(0);
        Count -= 1;
        return Dequeue();
      }
    }
    return default(T);
  }
}

C＃可排序集合，允许重复键

16 个答案: