是否基于Django中某个查询字段的总和来过滤查询集?

时间:2019-07-17 01:21:17

标签: python django subquery django-orm

请考虑以下两个模型,WorkerInvoice

class Worker(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)


class Invoice(models.Model):
    worker = models.ForeignKey(
        'Worker', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    amount = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)

我只想对给定Invoice的总数(amount的总数)大于零的Worker进行查询。

基本上,我想定义一个get_payable_invoices()函数,该函数返回一个Queryset以便测试通过:

from decimal import Decimal

from django.test import TestCase
from django.db.models import Sum

from myapp.models import Worker, Invoice


def get_payable_invoices():
    return Invoice.objects.filter(
        worker__in=Worker.objects.annotate(Sum('invoice__amount')))\
        .filter(invoice__amount__sum__gt=0)


class PayableInvoicesTests(TestCase):
    def test_get_payable_invoices(self):
        worker1 = Worker.objects.create(name="John Doe")

        invoice1 = Invoice.objects.create(
            worker=worker1, amount=Decimal('100.00'))
        invoice2 = Invoice.objects.create(
            worker=worker1, amount=Decimal('-150.00'))

        worker2 = Worker.objects.create(name="Mary Contrary")
        invoice3 = Invoice.objects.create(
            worker=worker2, amount=Decimal('200.00'))

        self.assertEqual(get_payable_invoices().count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(get_payable_invoices().first(), invoice3)

但是当前的实现无法正常工作,并返回一个

django.core.exceptions.FieldError: Cannot resolve keyword 'invoice' into field. Choices are: amount, id, worker, worker_id

看来,尽管遍历查询集时返回的对象确实具有invoice__amount__sum属性,但是不能以这种方式在filter()中使用它。

在我看来,我应该按照https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/models/expressions/#using-aggregates-within-a-subquery-expression中的查询语句来制定查询条件,但由于total_comments返回一个数字,而我却难以适应该示例。想要Worker的列表。我也不完全确定子查询是否是正确的方法,或者如果没有它们,是否可以通过更简单的方式完成。关于如何在Django中实现这种查询的任何想法?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/db/aggregation/#filtering-on-annotations可以看出,在过滤注释时,您需要使用不同于默认名称的名称来“消除歧义”。以下功能使测试通过:

def get_payable_invoices():
    return Invoice.objects.filter(
        worker__in=Worker.objects
        .annotate(invoice_total=Sum('invoice__amount'))
        .filter(invoice_total__gt=0))

我还验证了是否执行了一个查询。例如,我可以将以下内容添加到单元测试的底部:

    with self.assertNumQueries(1):
        for invoice in get_payable_invoices():
            pass