在应用程序中,我们有两种贴纸类型,即String和Bitmap。每个贴纸包可以包含两种类型。这就是我声明模型的方式:
// Mark: - Models
protocol Sticker: Codable {
}
public struct StickerString: Sticker, Codable, Equatable {
let fontName: String
let character: String
}
public struct StickerBitmap: Sticker, Codable, Equatable {
let imageName: String
}
用户选择了一些贴纸并使用了它们之后,我们要将贴纸保存到UserDefaults
中,以便向他显示“最近使用过的”贴纸选项卡。我正在尝试解码保存的[Sticker]
数组:
let recentStickers = try? JSONDecoder().decode([Sticker].self, from: data)
但是出现以下编译错误:
Protocol type 'Sticker' cannot conform to 'Decodable' because only concrete types can conform to protocols
我无法理解为什么将Sticker
声明为Codable
并同时实现Decodable
的原因。任何帮助将不胜感激!
答案 0 :(得分:1)
不是协议使用泛型。
声明一个简单函数
func decodeStickers<T : Decodable>(from data : Data) throws -> T
{
return try JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data)
}
T
可以是单个对象,也可以是数组。
在您的结构中放入Sticker
协议。您还可以删除Equatable
,因为它已在结构中合成。
public struct StickerString : Codable {
let fontName: String
let character: String
}
public struct StickerBitmap : Codable {
let imageName: String
}
要解码一种不干胶标签类型,请注释类型
let imageStickers = """
[{"imageName":"Foo"},{"imageName":"Bar"}]
"""
let stickerData = Data(imageStickers.utf8)
let recentStickers : [StickerBitmap] = try! decodeStickers(from: stickerData)
print(recentStickers.first?.imageName)
和
let stringSticker = """
{"fontName":"Times","character":"?"}
"""
let stickerData = Data(stringSticker.utf8)
let sticker : StickerString = try! decodeStickers(from: stickerData)
print(sticker.character)
要解码StickerString
和StickerBitmap
类型的数组,请声明具有相关值的包装器枚举
enum Sticker: Codable {
case string(StickerString)
case image(StickerBitmap)
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
do {
let stringData = try container.decode(StickerString.self)
self = .string(stringData)
} catch DecodingError.keyNotFound {
let imageData = try container.decode(StickerBitmap.self)
self = .image(imageData)
}
}
func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
switch self {
case .string(let string) : try container.encode(string)
case .image(let image) : try container.encode(image)
}
}
}
然后您可以解码
let stickers = """
[{"imageName":"Foo"},{"imageName":"Bar"}, {"fontName":"Times","character":"?"}]
"""
let stickerData = Data(stickers.utf8)
let recentStickers = try! JSONDecoder().decode([Sticker].self, from: stickerData)
print(recentStickers)
在表视图中,仅枚举switch
func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
let sticker = stickers[indexPath.row]
switch sticker {
case .string(let stringSticker):
let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withCellIdentifier: "StringStickerCell", for: indexPath) as! StringStickerCell
// update UI
return cell
case .image(let imageSticker):
let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withCellIdentifier: "ImageStickerCell", for: indexPath) as! ImageStickerCell
// update UI
return cell
}
}
答案 1 :(得分:1)
这里发生的事情是一种自我解释
JSONDecoder().decode(/* swift here is expecting class or struct that conforms to Codable */.self, from: data)
但是让我们假设您可以通过一个协议 在您的协议中
protocol Sticker: Codable {
}
您期望迅速从数据中解码的属性在哪里?
您在
中添加了属性public struct StickerString: Sticker, Codable, Equatable { // it should have redundendant conformance as well as you are conforming to Coddle again
let fontName: String // here is the properties you are expected to be decoded with the coding keys
let character: String // here is the properties you are expected to be decoded with the coding keys
}
这是我建议您执行的操作,只要您希望解码的类型是动态的
class GenericService< /* here you can pass your class or struct that conforms to Codable */ GenericResponseModel: Codable> {
func buildObjectFromResponse(data: Data?) -> GenericResponseModel? {
var object : GenericResponseModel?
do {
object = try JSONDecoder().decode(GenericResponseModel.self , from: data!)
} catch (let error){
print(error)
}
return object
}
}
private func handleDecodingTypes (stickers: [Sticker]){
for sticker in stickers {
if sticker is StickerString {
/* do the decoding here */
}
if sticker is StickerBitmap {
/* do the decoding here */
}
}
}
答案 2 :(得分:0)
Sticker协议没有确认/实现Codable,它实际上是从Codable继承的。如错误消息所示,协议不符合其他协议,只有具体类型符合。
protocol Sticker: Codable //This is Protocol inheritance
通过陈述
public struct StickerString: Sticker
表示Sticker字符串符合Sticker,而Sticker是Codable的子代,因此StickerString最终符合Codable。无需再次声明一致性,即:
public struct StickerString: Sticker, Codable //Conformance to Codable is redundant
现在进入解码部分。
let recentStickers = try? JSONDecoder().decode([Sticker].self, from: data)
解码方法需要具体的类型。它没有有关基础类型或其属性的任何信息,因为Sticker只是从Codable继承的协议本身,该协议没有属性/属性。 在将StrickerString和StickerBitmap进行解码之后,编译器将不会有任何问题。
let stickerString = try JSONDecoder().decode(StickerString.self, from: data)
let stickerBitmap = try JSONDecoder().decode(StickerBitmap.self, from: data)
let stickers : [Sticker] = [stickerString, stickerBitmap]