Question

我的项目中有以下模型

public class Category
{   
    public Guid ID { get; set; }
    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Title cannot be empty")]
    public string Title { get; set; }
}

我试图将Title作为唯一密钥，我用Google搜索解决方案，但找不到任何解决方案。有人可以建议我怎么做吗？

Answer 1

不幸的是，您无法首先将其定义为代码中的唯一键，因为EF根本不支持唯一键（希望计划用于下一个主要版本）。您可以做的是创建自定义数据库临时函数并通过调用SQL命令手动添加唯一索引：

public class MyInitializer : CreateDatabaseIfNotExists<MyContext>
{
  protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
  {
    context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IX_Category_Title ON Categories (Title)");
  }
}

您必须在应用程序的引导程序中设置此初始化程序。

Database.SetInitializer<MyContext>(new MyInitializer());

修改

现在（EF 6.1以后）您可以轻松拥有独特的约束，

[Index("TitleIndex", IsUnique = true)] public string Title { get; set; }

Answer 2

首先创建自定义属性类：

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = true)]
public class UniqueAttribute : ValidationAttribute
{
   public override Boolean IsValid(Object value)
    {
        // constraint implemented on database
        return true;
    }
}

然后添加到您的课程中：

public class Email
{
    [Key]
    public int EmailID { get; set; }

    public int PersonId { get; set; }

    [Unique]
    [Required]
    [MaxLength(100)]
    public string EmailAddress { get; set; }
    public virtual bool IsDefault { get; set; }
    public virtual Boolean IsApprovedForLogin { get; set; }
    public virtual String ConfirmationToken { get; set; }

    [ForeignKey("PersonId")]
    public virtual Person Person { get; set; }
}

然后在DbContext上添加一个初始化程序：

public class Initializer : IDatabaseInitializer<myEntities>
{
    public void InitializeDatabase(myEntities context)
    {
        if (System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached && context.Database.Exists() && !context.Database.CompatibleWithModel(false))
        {
            context.Database.Delete();
        }

        if (!context.Database.Exists())
        {
            context.Database.Create();

            var contextObject = context as System.Object;
            var contextType = contextObject.GetType();
            var properties = contextType.GetProperties();
            System.Type t = null;
            string tableName = null;
            string fieldName = null;
            foreach (var pi in properties)
            {
                if (pi.PropertyType.IsGenericType && pi.PropertyType.Name.Contains("DbSet"))
                {
                    t = pi.PropertyType.GetGenericArguments()[0];

                    var mytableName = t.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(TableAttribute), true);
                    if (mytableName.Length > 0)
                    {
                        TableAttribute mytable = mytableName[0] as TableAttribute;
                        tableName = mytable.Name;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        tableName = pi.Name;
                    }

                    foreach (var piEntity in t.GetProperties())
                    {
                        if (piEntity.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(UniqueAttribute), true).Length > 0)
                        {
                            fieldName = piEntity.Name;
                            context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " ADD CONSTRAINT con_Unique_" + tableName + "_" + fieldName + " UNIQUE (" + fieldName + ")");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

最后在Global.asax.cs

中的Application_Start中添加Initializer

System.Data.Entity.Database.SetInitializer<MyApp.Models.DomainModels.myEntities>(new MyApp.Models.DomainModels.myEntities.Initializer());

就是这样。基于https://stackoverflow.com/a/7426773

处的vb代码

Answer 3

这是VB.Net版本 - 注意在类级别上泛型的实现有点不同。

Public Class MyInitializer(Of T As DbContext)
    Inherits CreateDatabaseIfNotExists(Of T)
    Protected Overrides Sub Seed(context As T)
        context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IX_Category_Title ON Categories (Title)")
    End Sub
End Class

Answer 4

我创建了这个类（它从另一个Stackoverflow的答案增强 - Execute a large SQL script (with GO commands)），它允许我将SQL脚本放入一个目录中，并在每次需要时将它们全部执行（种子，或者移民）。在部署到生产之后，我不打算将其打开，但在开发期间，每次重新创建数据库时都可以轻松应用脚本。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
//dll Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo
//dll Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc
//dll Microsoft.SqlServer.ConnectionInfo
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;
using Monitor.Common;

namespace MonitorDB.DataLayer.Migrations
{
  public class ExecuteSQLScripts :Monitor.Common.ExceptionHandling
  {
    public ExecuteSQLScripts()
    {
}

public bool ExecuteScriptsInDirectory(DBContext.SolArcMsgMonitorContext context, string scriptDirectory)
{
  bool Result = false;
  try
  {
    SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(context.Database.Connection.ConnectionString);
    Server server = new Server(new ServerConnection(connection));

    DirectoryInfo di = new DirectoryInfo(scriptDirectory);
    FileInfo[] rgFiles = di.GetFiles("*.sql");
    foreach (FileInfo fi in rgFiles)
    {

      FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(fi.FullName);
      string script = fileInfo.OpenText().ReadToEnd();

      server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteNonQuery(script);
    }
    Result = true;
  }
  catch (Exception ex)
  {
    CatchException("ExecuteScriptsInDirectory", ex);
  }
  return Result;
}

} }

这是VS解决方案的样子：

Answer 5

我发现这个解决方案尽管没有在SQL级别创建唯一键，但它使用DataAnnotations验证，请查看：

http://blogs.microsoft.co.il/blogs/shimmy/archive/2012/01/23/validationattribute-that-validates-a-unique-field-against-its-fellow-rows-in-the-database.aspx

首先使用EF代码的唯一键

5 个答案: