按值列出组列表

时间:2011-04-17 17:42:39

标签: python list grouping

假设我有一个这样的列表:

list = [["A",0], ["B",1], ["C",0], ["D",2], ["E",2]]

我怎样才能最优雅地将其分组以在Python中获取此列表输出:

list = [["A", "C"], ["B"], ["D", "E"]]

因此值按secound值分组,但订单仍然保留......

7 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:77)

values = set(map(lambda x:x[1], list))
newlist = [[y[0] for y in list if y[1]==x] for x in values]

答案 1 :(得分:27)

from operator import itemgetter
from itertools import groupby

lki = [["A",0], ["B",1], ["C",0], ["D",2], ["E",2]]
lki.sort(key=itemgetter(1))

glo = [[x for x,y in g]
       for k,g in  groupby(lki,key=itemgetter(1))]

print glo

修改

另一个不需要导入的解决方案,更具可读性,保留订单,比前一个解决方案长22%:

oldlist = [["A",0], ["B",1], ["C",0], ["D",2], ["E",2]]

newlist, dicpos = [],{}
for val,k in oldlist:
    if k in dicpos:
        newlist[dicpos[k]].extend(val)
    else:
        newlist.append([val])
        dicpos[k] = len(dicpos)

print newlist

答案 2 :(得分:20)

霍华德的答案简洁而优雅,但在最坏的情况下也是O(n ^ 2)。对于包含大量分组键值的大型列表,您需要先对列表进行排序,然后使用itertools.groupby

>>> from itertools import groupby
>>> from operator import itemgetter
>>> seq = [["A",0], ["B",1], ["C",0], ["D",2], ["E",2]]
>>> seq.sort(key = itemgetter(1))
>>> groups = groupby(seq, itemgetter(1))
>>> [[item[0] for item in data] for (key, data) in groups]
[['A', 'C'], ['B'], ['D', 'E']]

修改

我在看到eyequem的答案后改变了这一点:itemgetter(1)lambda x: x[1]更好。

答案 3 :(得分:7)

>>> import collections
>>> D1 = collections.defaultdict(list)
>>> for element in L1:
...     D1[element[1]].append(element[0])
... 
>>> L2 = D1.values()
>>> print L2
[['A', 'C'], ['B'], ['D', 'E']]
>>> 

答案 4 :(得分:2)

我不知道优雅,但它确实可行:

oldlist = [["A",0], ["B",1], ["C",0], ["D",2], ["E",2]]
# change into: list = [["A", "C"], ["B"], ["D", "E"]]

order=[]
dic=dict()
for value,key in oldlist:
  try:
    dic[key].append(value)
  except KeyError:
    order.append(key)
    dic[key]=[value]
newlist=map(dic.get, order)

print newlist

这保留了每个键的第一次出现的顺序,以及每个键的项目顺序。它要求密钥可以清除,但不能为其赋予意义。

答案 5 :(得分:1)

len = max(key for (item, key) in list)
newlist = [[] for i in range(len+1)]
for item,key in list:
  newlist[key].append(item)

你可以在一个列表理解中完成它,也许更优雅但是O(n ** 2):

[[item for (item,key) in list if key==i] for i in range(max(key for (item,key) in list)+1)]

答案 6 :(得分:0)

>>> xs = [["A",0], ["B",1], ["C",0], ["D",2], ["E",2]]
>>> xs.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
>>> reduce(lambda l, x: (l.append([x]) if l[-1][0][1] != x[1] else l[-1].append(x)) or l, xs[1:], [[xs[0]]]) if xs else []
[[['A', 0], ['C', 0]], [['B', 1]], [['D', 2], ['E', 2]]]

基本上,如果列表已排序,则可以通过查看由先前步骤构建的最后一个组来reduce-您可以判断是否需要启动新组或修改现有组。 ... or l位是使我们能够在Python中使用lambda的技巧。 ({append返回None。返回比None更有用的东西总是更好,但是,Python,例如Python。)