我是网络编程的新手,所以这困扰了我好几天。
我写了2个应用程序:一个是服务器,一个是客户端。
我希望他们这样做:当我为客户端提供IP地址时,客户端将使用提供的IP连接到计算机上的服务器。
我通过在PC上打开服务器和客户端,并输入回送地址(127.0.0.1)进行了测试。客户端连接到服务器很好(而且我什至可以互相发送短信)。
所以我进一步尝试了。我用我的IP(113.20.98.124)进行了搜索,然后将其提供给我的客户。我希望客户端也可以连接到服务器,但这没有发生。客户端终止,并说连接超时(WSAETIMEDOUT 10060)。
我想问的是:为什么我不能使用IP告诉客户端连接到我的服务器?那甚至是东西吗?
这是我的服务器和客户端代码(以防我做错了):
(我在Windows上使用VS2017编码)
客户:
#include <iostream>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <string>
//The port which will be used to connect to server
#define PORT "7777"
std::string getIPAddress()
{
std::string out;
std::cout << "IP/Domain to connect to: ";
std::cin >> out;
std::cin.ignore();
return out;
}
//Print out error code and exit the program in case something goes wrong
void failure_exit(std::string message, int exitVal)
{
std::cerr << message
<< " Error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << " \n";
WSACleanup();
std::cin.get();
exit(exitVal);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
WSADATA wsaData;
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(1, 0), &wsaData) != 0)
failure_exit("WSAStartup failed!", 1);
addrinfo hints;
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; //AF_INET or AF_INET6 are totally fine
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; //TCP connection
//Get the IP from user
std::string IPconnect = getIPAddress();
//A pointer to a linked list of juicy results we can use
addrinfo *result(nullptr);
//Prepare the addrinfo for a connecting socket
if (getaddrinfo(IPconnect.c_str(), PORT, &hints, &result) != 0)
failure_exit("getaddrinfo failed!", 2);
/*PREPARING A SOCKET*/
SOCKET sockfd;
//A pointer to one of the addrinfos from result, which is a usable one
//'chosen' will also be used in connect() call
addrinfo *chosen(result);
//Run through the results got from getaddrinfo and pick the first usable addrinfo
for (; chosen != nullptr; chosen = chosen->ai_next)
{
//see if sockfd is legit to use
if ((sockfd = socket(chosen->ai_family, chosen->ai_socktype, chosen->ai_protocol)) != -1)
break;
}
freeaddrinfo(result);
//Socket preparation failed
if (sockfd<=0)
failure_exit("Socket preparation failed!", 3);
/*CONNECT!*/
std::cout << "Connecting... 20 seconds until timed out.\n";
if (connect(sockfd, chosen->ai_addr, chosen->ai_addrlen) != 0)
failure_exit("Failed to connect!", 4);
std::cout << "Connected!\n";
WSACleanup();
std::cin.get();
return 0;
}
服务器:
#include <iostream>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <string>
//The port which this server will be using
//to listen to incoming connections
#define PORT "7777"
//Limits how many pending connections
//can be queued up
#define BACKLOG 10
void failure_exit(std::string message, int exitVal)
{
std::cerr << message
<< " Error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << " \n";
WSACleanup();
std::cin.get();
exit(exitVal);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
WSADATA wsa;
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(1, 0), &wsa) != 0)
failure_exit("WSAStartup failed!", 1);
addrinfo hints;
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
//IPv4 or IPv6 are both Ok
hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
//This addrinfo will be used for binding
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
//TCP connection
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
addrinfo *result;
if (getaddrinfo(NULL, PORT, &hints, &result) != 0)
failure_exit("getaddrinfo failed!", 3);
//PREPARE A SOCKET
SOCKET sockfd(0);
//The usable addrinfo will be pointed to by 'chosen'
addrinfo *chosen(result);
//Loop through the results to find a suitable one
for (; chosen != nullptr; chosen = chosen->ai_next)
{
sockfd = socket(chosen->ai_family, chosen->ai_socktype, chosen->ai_protocol);
//Stop at the first usable
if (sockfd != -1)
break;
}
freeaddrinfo(result);
//Check for preparation failure
if (sockfd <= 0)
failure_exit("Socket preparation failed!", 4);
//Bind the socket above to my chosen PORT
if (bind(sockfd, chosen->ai_addr, chosen->ai_addrlen) == -1)
failure_exit("Binding failed!", 5);
//Start listening for incoming connections
if (listen(sockfd, BACKLOG) == -1)
failure_exit("Listening failed!", 6);
//The new socket to be returned by accept()
SOCKET newfd;
sockaddr_storage newConnection;
socklen_t newlength(sizeof(newConnection));
std::cout << "Anyone?\n";
//Accept a pending connection
if ((newfd = accept(sockfd, reinterpret_cast<sockaddr*>(&newConnection), &newlength)) == -1)
failure_exit("Accepting connection failed!", 7);
std::cout << "Connection accepted!\n";
WSACleanup();
std::cin.get();
return 0;
}
我从网络上学到的任何东西都来自http://beej.us/guide/。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
当您用Google搜索IP时,便获得了外界所看到的公共IP。如果您的PC是直接直接连接到Internet调制解调器,则该IP属于您的PC。但是,如果您的PC位于网络路由器的后面(在如今的家庭中有许多连接Internet的设备非常普遍),则该IP属于您的网络路由器,而不属于您的PC。
您的服务器应用程序只能侦听直接分配给运行它的PC的本地/ LAN IP。如果该PC在网络路由器后面运行,它将无法监听路由器的公共IP。
您的服务器代码以某种方式绑定其侦听套接字,以使其侦听分配给正在运行的PC的所有可用IPv4 IP。要发现这些IP实际上是什么,可以使用Windows的命令行ipconfig
工具。或者,您可以在服务器代码中使用GetAdaptersInfo()
或GetAdaptersAddresses()
API。
如果客户端与服务器应用程序在同一PC /网络上运行,则它可以直接连接到服务器正在侦听的任何本地/ LAN IP。但是,如果客户端在其他网络上运行(即,在Internet上的另一台PC上),则需要连接到您的公共IP。并且在该公共IP属于网络路由器的情况下,需要将路由器配置为将给定<PublicIP>:<PublicPort>
上的入站连接转发到服务器PC的<LanIP:LanPort>
(即,从{{1}转发) },例如113.20.98.124:777
,或实际上分配给服务器PC的任何IP。