同时启动多个长期运行的后台服务

时间:2019-07-06 17:45:13

标签: c# .net-core background-process asp.net-core-hosted-services

我正在IHostedService中尝试dotnet core 2.2。我的任务是创建2个长期运行的后台任务。

  • 首先是管理Selenium浏览器会话(打开/关闭选项卡,解析DOM)并将电子邮件放在ConcurrentBag内部的队列中。
  • 第二个后台工作人员每10分钟发送一次电子邮件通知,以通知ConcurrentBag中存在的消息(已添加第一个任务)。还将它们分组在一起,以便仅发送1条消息。

但是,我无法同时运行两个托管进程。似乎只有第一个托管进程正在执行,而第二个进程等待第一个完全执行。但是由于我从没想到它会完成-第二个过程永远不会开始...

我滥用IHostedService吗?如果可以,那么完成任务的最佳架构方法是什么?

这是我当前正在使用的代码(尝试完成):

using System;
// ..

namespace WebPageMonitor
{
    class Program
    {
        public static ConcurrentBag<string> Messages = new ConcurrentBag<string>();

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            BuildWebHost(args)
                .Run();

            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        private static IHost BuildWebHost(string[] args)
        {
            var hostBuilder = new HostBuilder()
                .ConfigureHostConfiguration(config =>
                {
                    config.AddJsonFile("emailSettings.json", optional: true);
                    config.AddEnvironmentVariables();
                })
                .ConfigureServices((hostContext, services) =>
                {
                    services.AddOptions();

                    var bindConfig = new EmailSettings();
                    hostContext.Configuration.GetSection("EmailSettings").Bind(bindConfig);
                    services.AddSingleton<EmailSettings>(bindConfig);

                    services.AddTransient<EmailSender>();

                    services.AddHostedService<BrowserWorkerHostedService>();
                    services.AddHostedService<EmailWorkerHostedService>();
                });

            return hostBuilder.Build();
        }

    }
}

BrowserWorkerHostedService

public class BrowserWorkerHostedService : BackgroundService
{
    private static IWebDriver _driver;

    public BrowserWorkerHostedService()
    {
        InitializeDriver();
    }

    private void InitializeDriver()
    {
        try
        {
            ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
            options.AddArgument("start-maximized");
            options.AddArgument("--disable-infobars");
            options.AddArgument("no-sandbox");

            _driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Program.Messages.Add("Exception: " + ex.ToString());

            Console.WriteLine($" Exception:{ex.ToString()}");
            throw ex;
        }
    }

    protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stopToken)
    {
        while (!stopToken.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            try
            {
                _driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.google.com");
                Program.Messages.Add("Successfully opened a website!");
                // rest of the processing here

                Thread.Sleep(60_000);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Program.Messages.Add("Exception: " + ex.ToString());

                Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
                Thread.Sleep(120_000);
            }
        }

        _driver?.Quit();
        _driver?.Dispose();
    }
}

EmailWorkerHostedService

public class EmailWorkerHostedService : BackgroundService
{
    private readonly EmailSender _emailSender;
    private readonly IHostingEnvironment _env;

    public EmailWorkerHostedService(
        EmailSender emailSender,
        IHostingEnvironment env)
    {
        _emailSender = emailSender;
        _env = env;
    }

    protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stopToken)
    {
        while (!stopToken.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            var builder = new StringBuilder();

            List<string> exceptionMessages = new List<string>();
            string exceptionMessage;
            while (Program.Messages.TryTake(out exceptionMessage))
                exceptionMessages.Add(exceptionMessage);

            if (exceptionMessages.Any())
            {
                foreach (var message in exceptionMessages)
                {
                    builder.AppendLine(new string(message.Take(200).ToArray()));
                    builder.AppendLine();
                }

                string messageToSend = builder.ToString();
                await _emailSender.SendEmailAsync(messageToSend);
            }

            Thread.Sleep(10000);
        }
    }
}

编辑:应用答案中建议的更改后,这是当前可用的代码版本。添加await很有帮助。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

首先不要在异步上下文中使用Thread.Sleep(),因为它会阻止操作。请改用Task.Delay()。我相信这是您的问题。查看BackgroundService.StartAsync的实现:

    public virtual Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        // Store the task we're executing
        _executingTask = ExecuteAsync(_stoppingCts.Token);

        // If the task is completed then return it, this will bubble cancellation and failure to the caller
        if (_executingTask.IsCompleted)
        {
            return _executingTask;
        }

        // Otherwise it's running
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }

实际调用asyc方法时,它会同步执行,直到执行第一个真正的异步操作为止。您真正的异步操作是

  

等待_emailSender.SendEmailAsync(messageToSend);

但是只有在满足条件时才会被调用

  

如果(exceptionMessages.Any())

这意味着您的ExecuteAsync方法将永远不会返回,所以StartAsync也是如此。 Task.Delay也是真正的异步方法(不是Thread.Sleep),因此在被点击后,StartAsync将继续并退出,您的第二项服务将有机会启动。