希望提高我的python和编码技能。我有一个功能,可以向时间添加特定的时间范围。 我通过:
1M, 7D, 6M, 2H, M
等。并返回值。我觉得我在重复自己。有没有更Python化的方法呢?
def add_timeframe(time, timeframe):
if 'H' in timeframe:
┆ try:
┆ ┆ period = int(re.sub('\D', '', timeframe))
┆ ┆ return convert_datetime(time + datetime.timedelta(hours=period))
┆ except ValueError:
┆ ┆ return convert_datetime(time + datetime.timedelta(hours=1))
if 'D' in timeframe:
┆ try:
┆ ┆ period = int(re.sub('\D', '', timeframe))
┆ ┆ return convert_datetime(time + datetime.timedelta(days=period))
┆ except ValueError:
┆ ┆ return convert_datetime(time + datetime.timedelta(days=1))
if 'W' in timeframe:
┆ try:
┆ ┆ period = int(re.sub('\D', '', timeframe))
┆ ┆ return convert_datetime(time + datetime.timedelta(weeks=period))
┆ except ValueError:
┆ ┆ return convert_datetime(time + datetime.timedelta(weeks=period))
if 'M' in timeframe:
┆ try:
┆ ┆ period = int(re.sub('\D', '', timeframe))
┆ ┆ return convert_datetime(time + datetime.timedelta(days=365/12*period))
┆ except ValueError:
┆ ┆ return convert_datetime(time + datetime.timedelta(days=365/12))
答案 0 :(得分:1)
我通常通过使用字典来避免很多ifs。我将每个条件映射到字典并执行。这是我的第一个建议:
我创建了一个添加几个月的函数,因为timedelta没有它。然后,我使用re
获取数字和字母作为元组。因此,“ 4M”将是(“ 4”,“ M”)。然后我将M映射到月份加法,所以4 *(添加月份功能),W映射加周,等等
import calendar
import datetime
import re
# add month hack
def add_month(num_months, date=None):
'''Add N months'''
assert num_months > 0, 'Positive N only'
if date is None:
date = datetime.datetime.now()
for num in range(num_months):
month_days = calendar.monthrange(date.year, date.month)[1]
dt = date + datetime.timedelta(days=month_days)
if dt.day != date.day:
dt.replace(day=1) - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
else:
dt
date = dt
return dt
def delta(data, pattern):
# dict instead of lots of ifs
time_convert = {'M': lambda x : add_month(x),
'W': lambda x :datetime.timedelta(weeks=x),
'D': lambda x: datetime.timedelta(days=x),
'H': lambda x: datetime.timedelta(hours=x),
}
_ = [re.match(pattern, item).groups() for item in data]
return [time_convert.get(letter)(int(number))for number, letter in _]
# test 1
data = ['1M', '7D', '4M', '2H']
pattern = '(\d+)(\w+)'
s = delta(data, pattern)
print(s)
如果我们期望得到不干净的数据,则需要创建一个数据准备功能,以确保我们的数据采用我们希望数字写字母的格式。因为如果我们仅接收字母数据,我们的代码将失败。代替try-catch,如果我们只有一个字母,我们可以添加1。这就是我的经历2:
import calendar
import datetime
import re
# add month hack
def add_month(num_months, date=None):
'''Add N months'''
assert num_months > 0, 'Positive N only'
if date is None:
date = datetime.datetime.now()
for num in range(num_months):
month_days = calendar.monthrange(date.year, date.month)[1]
dt = date + datetime.timedelta(days=month_days)
if dt.day != date.day:
dt.replace(day=1) - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
else:
dt
date = dt
return dt
def data_prep(data, check_patter='\d+'):
'''Our data preparation happens here'''
_ = [bool(re.search(check_patter,item)) for item in data]
for index, truth in enumerate(_):
if not truth:
data[index] = '1'+data[index]
return data
def delta(data, pattern):
time_convert = {'M': lambda x : add_month(x),
'W': lambda x :datetime.timedelta(weeks=x),
'D': lambda x: datetime.timedelta(days=x),
'H': lambda x: datetime.timedelta(hours=x),
}
# clean data. if M --> 1M
data = data_prep(data)
_ = [re.match(pattern, item).groups() for item in data]
return [time_convert.get(letter)(int(number))for number, letter in _]
data = ['1M', '7D', '4M', '2H','H']
pattern = '(\d+)(\w+)'
s = delta(data, pattern)
print(s)
这是在data_prep函数中,您将在其中处理所有可能的不洁性:)
答案 1 :(得分:0)
您可以使用re
一次提取数字部分和所有句点。.
>>> import re
>>> inp = ["1M", "7D", "6M", "2H", "M"]
>>> [re.findall('(\d)?(M|D|H)', x) for x in inp]
[[('1', 'M')], [('7', 'D')], [('6', 'M')], [('2', 'H')], [('', 'M')]]
>>> extracted = [re.findall('(\d)?(M|D|H)', x) for x in inp]
>>> [(int(x[0][0] or '1'), x[0][1]) for x in extracted if x] # Filter out invalids.
[(1, 'M'), (7, 'D'), (6, 'M'), (2, 'H'), (1, 'M')]
然后您可以在原始代码中使用convert_datetime(..)
和其他操作。
PS:我将执行更多的错误检查-上面的代码只是建议使用稍多一些pythonic的方式来做相同的事情。