我最近遇到了一个采访问题,我需要在Java中实现正则表达式匹配而不使用正则表达式匹配。
给出一个输入字符串(s)和一个模式(p),执行常规 表达式匹配并支持'。','+','*'和'?'。
// (pattern, match) --> bool does it match
// operators:
// . --> any char
// + --> 1 or more of prev char
// * --> 0 or more of prev char
// ? --> 0 or 1 of prev char
// (abc+c, abcccc) --> True
// (abcd*, abc) --> True
// (abc?c, abc) --> True
// (abc.*, abcsdfsf) --> True
我想出了以下仅实现“。”的代码。和“ *”,但无法弄清楚如何实现其他目标:
public static boolean isMatch(String s, String p) {
if (p.length() == 0) {
return s.length() == 0;
}
if (p.length() > 1 && p.charAt(1) == '*') { // second char is '*'
if (isMatch(s, p.substring(2))) {
return true;
}
if (s.length() > 0 && (p.charAt(0) == '.' || s.charAt(0) == p.charAt(0))) {
return isMatch(s.substring(1), p);
}
return false;
} else { // second char is not '*'
if (s.length() > 0 && (p.charAt(0) == '.' || s.charAt(0) == p.charAt(0))) {
return isMatch(s.substring(1), p.substring(1));
}
return false;
}
}
另外,解决此问题的最佳方法是什么?
答案 0 :(得分:0)
这是未经测试的代码。这个想法是我们跟踪字符串和模式中的位置。这不是尝试扩展到完整的RE引擎的好方法(只考虑添加括号会发生什么情况),但在这种情况下很好:
public static boolean isMatch (String p, String s, int pos_p, int pos_s) {
if (pos_p == p.length()) {
// We matched the whole pattern.
return true;
}
else if (pos_s == s.length()) {
// We reached the end of the string without matching.
return false;
}
else if (pos_p == -1) {
// Do we match the pattern starting next position?
if (isMatch(p, s, pos_p + 1, pos_s + 1)) {
return true;
}
else {
// Try to match the pattern starting later.
return isMatch(p, s, pos_p, pos_s + 1);
}
}
else {
char thisCharP = p.charAt(pos_p);
char nextCharP = pos_p + 1 < p.length() ? p.charAt(pos_p + 1) : 'x';
// Does this character match at this position?
boolean thisMatch = (thisCharP == s.charAt(pos_s));
if (thisCharP == '.') {
thisMatch = true;
}
if (nextCharP == '*') {
// Try matching no times - we don't need thisMatch to be true!
if (isMatch(p, s, pos_p + 2, pos_s)) {
return true;
}
else {
// Try matching 1+ times, now thisMatch is required.
return thisMatch && isMatch(p, s, pos_p, pos_s + 1);
}
}
else if (nextCharP == '+') {
if (! thisMatch) {
// to match 1+, we have to match here.
return false;
}
else if (isMatch(p, s, pos_p + 2, pos_s + 1)) {
// We matched once.
return true;
}
else {
// Can we match 2+?
return isMatch(p, s, pos_p, pos_s + 1);
}
}
else if (thisMatch) {
// Can we match the rest of the pattern?
return isMatch(p, s, pos_p + 1, pos_s + 1);
}
else {
// We didn't match here, this is a fail.
return false;
}
}
}
public static boolean isMatch (String p, String s) {
// Can we match starting anywhere?
return isMatch(p, s, -1, -1);
}