有没有办法检查pid是否与有效进程相对应?我从os.getpid()
以外的其他来源获取pid,我需要检查机器上是否存在具有该pid的进程。
我需要它在Unix和Windows中可用。我还在检查PID是否未被使用。
答案 0 :(得分:142)
如果pid未运行,则将信号0发送到pid将引发OSError异常,否则不执行任何操作。
import os
def check_pid(pid):
""" Check For the existence of a unix pid. """
try:
os.kill(pid, 0)
except OSError:
return False
else:
return True
答案 1 :(得分:60)
查看psutil
模块:
psutil (python系统和流程实用程序)是一个跨平台库,用于检索有关正在运行的进程和系统利用率的信息(CPU, Python中的内存,磁盘,网络)。 [...]它目前支持 Linux , Windows , OSX , FreeBSD 和 Sun Solaris < / strong>, 32位和 64位体系结构,Python版本从 2.6到3.4 (Python 2.4和2.5的用户可能使用2.1.3版本)。 PyPy也有用。
它有一个名为pid_exists()
的函数,您可以使用它来检查具有给定pid的进程是否存在。
以下是一个例子:
import psutil
pid = 12345
if psutil.pid_exists(pid):
print "a process with pid %d exists" % pid
else:
print "a process with pid %d does not exist" % pid
供参考:
答案 2 :(得分:55)
mluebke代码不是100%正确; kill()也可以引发EPERM(访问被拒绝),在这种情况下,这显然意味着进程存在。这应该有效:
(根据Jason R. Coombs的评论编辑)
import errno
import os
import sys
def pid_exists(pid):
"""Check whether pid exists in the current process table.
UNIX only.
"""
if pid < 0:
return False
if pid == 0:
# According to "man 2 kill" PID 0 refers to every process
# in the process group of the calling process.
# On certain systems 0 is a valid PID but we have no way
# to know that in a portable fashion.
raise ValueError('invalid PID 0')
try:
os.kill(pid, 0)
except OSError as err:
if err.errno == errno.ESRCH:
# ESRCH == No such process
return False
elif err.errno == errno.EPERM:
# EPERM clearly means there's a process to deny access to
return True
else:
# According to "man 2 kill" possible error values are
# (EINVAL, EPERM, ESRCH)
raise
else:
return True
除非使用pywin32,ctypes或C扩展模块,否则无法在Windows上执行此操作。 如果您可以使用外部库,则可以使用psutil:
>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.pid_exists(2353)
True
答案 3 :(得分:15)
只有当运行测试的用户拥有相关流程时,向流程发送“信号0”的答案才会生效。否则,即使系统中存在pid,您也会因权限而获得/proc/<pid>
。
为了绕过此限制,您可以检查import os
def is_running(pid):
if os.path.isdir('/proc/{}'.format(pid)):
return True
return False
是否存在:
{{1}}
这显然只适用于基于linux的系统。
答案 4 :(得分:6)
查看here以获取特定于Windows的方式获取正在运行的进程及其ID的完整列表。这就像是
from win32com.client import GetObject
def get_proclist():
WMI = GetObject('winmgmts:')
processes = WMI.InstancesOf('Win32_Process')
return [process.Properties_('ProcessID').Value for process in processes]
然后,您可以验证此列表中的pid。我不知道性能成本,所以如果你经常要进行pid验证,你最好检查一下。
对于* NIx,只需使用mluebke的解决方案。
答案 5 :(得分:6)
在Python 3.3+中,您可以使用异常名称而不是errno常量。 Posix version:
import os
def pid_exists(pid):
if pid < 0: return False #NOTE: pid == 0 returns True
try:
os.kill(pid, 0)
except ProcessLookupError: # errno.ESRCH
return False # No such process
except PermissionError: # errno.EPERM
return True # Operation not permitted (i.e., process exists)
else:
return True # no error, we can send a signal to the process
答案 6 :(得分:6)
在ntrrgc的基础上,我加强了Windows版本,以便检查进程退出代码并检查权限:
def pid_exists(pid):
"""Check whether pid exists in the current process table."""
if os.name == 'posix':
import errno
if pid < 0:
return False
try:
os.kill(pid, 0)
except OSError as e:
return e.errno == errno.EPERM
else:
return True
else:
import ctypes
kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
HANDLE = ctypes.c_void_p
DWORD = ctypes.c_ulong
LPDWORD = ctypes.POINTER(DWORD)
class ExitCodeProcess(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [ ('hProcess', HANDLE),
('lpExitCode', LPDWORD)]
SYNCHRONIZE = 0x100000
process = kernel32.OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE, 0, pid)
if not process:
return False
ec = ExitCodeProcess()
out = kernel32.GetExitCodeProcess(process, ctypes.byref(ec))
if not out:
err = kernel32.GetLastError()
if kernel32.GetLastError() == 5:
# Access is denied.
logging.warning("Access is denied to get pid info.")
kernel32.CloseHandle(process)
return False
elif bool(ec.lpExitCode):
# print ec.lpExitCode.contents
# There is an exist code, it quit
kernel32.CloseHandle(process)
return False
# No exit code, it's running.
kernel32.CloseHandle(process)
return True
答案 7 :(得分:4)
结合Giampaolo Rodolà's answer for POSIX和mine for Windows我得到了这个:
import os
if os.name == 'posix':
def pid_exists(pid):
"""Check whether pid exists in the current process table."""
import errno
if pid < 0:
return False
try:
os.kill(pid, 0)
except OSError as e:
return e.errno == errno.EPERM
else:
return True
else:
def pid_exists(pid):
import ctypes
kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
SYNCHRONIZE = 0x100000
process = kernel32.OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE, 0, pid)
if process != 0:
kernel32.CloseHandle(process)
return True
else:
return False
答案 8 :(得分:2)
这适用于Linux,例如,如果你想检查banshee是否正在运行......(banshee是一个音乐播放器)
import subprocess
def running_process(process):
"check if process is running. < process > is the name of the process."
proc = subprocess.Popen(["if pgrep " + process + " >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo 'True'; else echo 'False'; fi"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
(Process_Existance, err) = proc.communicate()
return Process_Existance
# use the function
print running_process("banshee")
答案 9 :(得分:2)
在Windows中,您可以这样做:
import ctypes
PROCESS_QUERY_INFROMATION = 0x1000
def checkPid(pid):
processHandle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFROMATION, 0,pid)
if processHandle == 0:
return False
else:
ctypes.windll.kernel32.CloseHandle(processHandle)
return True
首先,在这段代码中,您尝试使用pid获取进程的句柄。如果句柄有效,则关闭句柄并返回True;否则,你返回False。 OpenProcess的文档:https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms684320%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
答案 10 :(得分:0)
以下代码可在Linux和Windows上运行,并且不依赖于外部模块
library(tidyverse)
library(tidymodels)
set.seed(55)
sample_data <- tibble(output = runif(100, min = 0, max = 80)) %>%
mutate(a.status = round(runif(100)),
b.status = round(runif(100)),
c.status = ifelse(a.status + b.status < 2, 1, 0),
d.status = ifelse(a.status + b.status + c.status < 2, 1, 0),
a.input = a.status * output * runif(100, 1.15, 1.25),
b.input = b.status * output * runif(100, 1.05, 1.10),
c.input = c.status * output * runif(100, 1.3, 1.4),
d.input = d.status * output * runif(100, 1.1, 1.2),
input = a.input + b.input + c.input + d.input)
# From RStudio Conf
# https://conf20-intro-ml.netlify.app/materials/
fit_data <- function(formula, model, data, ...) {
wf <- workflows::add_model(workflows::add_formula(
workflows::workflow(), formula), model)
fit(wf, data, ...)
}
lm_reg <- linear_reg() %>%
set_engine("lm")
lm_fit <- fit_data(input ~ output, model = lm_reg, data = sample_data)
error_data <- sample_data %>%
mutate(estimate = predict(lm_fit, new_data = sample_data)[[1]],
error = (input - estimate) / input)
results <- error_data %>%
select(a.status, b.status, c.status, d.status, error) %>%
group_by(a.status, b.status, c.status, d.status) %>%
summarize(error = mean(error))
可以根据需要轻松增强
答案 11 :(得分:0)
我发现此解决方案似乎在Windows和Linux中都可以正常工作。我用psutil检查。
gain2 = (alpha_p.'./(1-exp(-alpha_p.'.*width.'))).*((((2.*(exp((-2.*alpha_.*(1-k)-alpha_p.').*width.'))-1))./(-2.*alpha_.*(1-k)-alpha_p.'))-(((exp(-2.*alpha_.*(1-k).*width')-k)./(exp(-alpha_(1-k).*width.')-k)).*((1-exp((-alpha_.*(1-k)-alpha_p.').*width.'))./(alpha_.*(1-k)+alpha_p.'))));
答案 12 :(得分:0)
Windows 的另一个选择是通过 pywin32 包:
pid in win32process.EnumProcesses()
win32process.EnumProcesses() 返回当前正在运行的进程的 PID。
答案 13 :(得分:-2)
我会说使用PID用于获取它的任何目的并优雅地处理错误。否则,这是一场经典的比赛(当你检查它有效时,PID可能有效,但稍后就会消失)