[Django]如何从下拉列表中选择项目后返回值以查看

Question

虽然我阅读了django文档，但是我仍然很困惑如何使用request.POST从下拉列表中获取值以查询数据库。以及如何将所选值的详细信息返回到前端以显示结果？

假设我可以在下拉框中选择“区域”，它将返回该区域类别下该餐厅的详细信息

一流餐厅

class Restaurant(models.Model):
    restId = models.AutoField(db_column='restId', primary_key=True)
    restName = models.TextField(db_column='restName')
    phone = models.IntegerField()
    address = models.TextField()
    ratings = models.DecimalField(max_digits=2, decimal_places=1)
    cuisine = models.TextField()
    region = models.TextField()
    last_modify_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        managed = True
        db_table = "restaurant"

views.py

# def index_view(request):
    # rest_list = Restaurant.objects.all()
    # context = {
    #     'rest_list': rest_list
    # }
    # return render(request, 'index.html', context)

def get_name(request):
    # region = Restaurant.objects.all().order_by('region').values_list('region', flat=True)
    if request.method == 'GET':
        rest_form = RestaurantForm()
        return render(request, 'index.html', {'rest_form': rest_form})

index.html

        {% block content %}
    <form action="" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
            <select name = "rest_value">
                {% for rest in rest_form %}
                    <option value = {{ rest }} ></option>
                {%  endfor %}
            </select>
        <input type="submit" value="Select" name="region">
    </form>
    {% endblock %}

forms.py

from django.forms import ModelForm
from .models import Restaurant

class RestaurantForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Restaurant
        fields = ['region']

Answer 1

要在问题中提供答案，可以使其与以下代码一起使用（ note：未经测试）；但请参阅底部的注释：

Python视图：

def index_view(request):
    selected_region = None
    restaurants = Restaurant.objects.all()

    if request.method == "POST":
        # Filter restaurants by selected region, but only on a POST
        selected_region = request.POST.get("region")
        restaurants = restaurants.filter(region=selected_region)

    # Get a list of all unique regions (group by region)  
    regions = Restaurant.objects.order_by('region').values_list('region', flat=True)

    context = {
        'regions': regions,
        'restaurants': restaurants,
        'selected_region': selected_region
    }

    return render(request, 'index.html', context)

Django模板：

<h1>Index</h1>
<form method="post">
    <select name="region">
         {% for region in regions %}
             <option
              value="{{ region }}"
              {% if selected_region == region %}
                  selected="selected"
              {% endif %}
             >{{ region }}</option>
         {% endfor %}
    </select>
    <input type="submit" value="Select">
</form>
{% if selected_region %}
  <p>
    Nice, you selected: {{ selected_region }}!
  </p>
  <p>
    Restaurants in this region:
  </p>
  <ul>
     {% for restaurant in restaurants %}
       <li>{{ restaurant.restName }}</li>
     {% endfor %}
  </ul>
{% endif %}

一些要点：

• 您在代码中将表单上的action命名为“ selectRegion”。这会将其发布到其他URL。在我的示例中，我从表单中删除了action，以便将其发布回与index.html相同的URL。
• 如果您有很多“区域”，则可能需要将它们存储在另一个表中，并在region中将Restuarant用作外键。
• 正如其他人指出的那样，您应该认真考虑使用Django forms。主要原因是Django在使用内置表单功能时已经承担了繁重的工作：卫生，验证和渲染。