我想从一个包含有关多种化合物的陈述的RDF文件中,为每个化合物创建一个RDF文件。
为此,我开始寻找一个SPARQL查询,该查询可以隔离链接到某个URL的所有三元组,无论它们之间有多少个节点。
我从一个非常有趣的SPARQL查询(https://stackoverflow.com/a/33290642/5433896)开始,希望它返回(希望)与数据集中的化学化合物:d1
关联的所有三元组,但不会返回有关另一种化合物{{ 1}}:
:d10
但是,当我在简化的测试用例(python)上运行它时:
CONSTRUCT {
:d1 ?prop ?val .
?child ?childProp ?childPropVal .
?someSubj ?incomingChildProp ?child .
}
WHERE {
:d1 ?prop ?val ;
(:overrides|!:overrides)+ ?child .
?child ?childProp ?childPropVal.
?someSubj ?incomingChildProp ?child.
}
我要避免两个错误:
rdf = """<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [
<!ENTITY owl "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" >
<!ENTITY owl11 "http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl11#" >
<!ENTITY xsd "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" >
<!ENTITY owl11xml "http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl11-xml#" >
<!ENTITY carcinogenesis "http://dl-learner.org/carcinogenesis#" >
<!ENTITY rdfs "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" >
<!ENTITY rdf "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
]>
<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://dl-learner.org/carcinogenesis#"
xml:base="http://dl-learner.org/carcinogenesis"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:owl11="http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl11#"
xmlns:carcinogenesis="http://dl-learner.org/carcinogenesis#"
xmlns:owl11xml="http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl11-xml#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about=""/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#hasAtom">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Compound"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Atom"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#hasBond">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Compound"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Bond"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#hasStructure">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Compound"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Structure"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#inBond">
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Atom"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Bond"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="#charge">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Atom"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;double"/>
</owl:DatatypeProperty>
<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="#isMutagenic">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Compound"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;boolean"/>
</owl:DatatypeProperty>
<owl:Class rdf:about="#Atom"/>
<owl:Class rdf:about="#Bond">
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#Structure"/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#Atom"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="#Bond-7">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Bond"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="#Carbon-22">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Carbon"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="#Compound">
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#Structure"/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#Atom"/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#Bond"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="#Six_ring">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Ring"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="#Ring">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Structure"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="#Structure">
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#Atom"/>
</owl:Class>
<Compound rdf:about="#d1">
<hasBond rdf:resource="#bond1"/>
<hasAtom rdf:resource="#d1_2"/>
<hasAtom rdf:resource="#d1_3"/>
<hasStructure rdf:resource="#six_ring-1"/>
<isMutagenic rdf:datatype="&xsd;boolean">false</isMutagenic>
</Compound>
<Bond-7 rdf:about="#bond1">
<inBond rdf:resource="#d1_3"/>
<inBond rdf:resource="#d1_2"/>
</Bond-7>
<Carbon-22 rdf:about="#d1_2">
<charge rdf:datatype="&xsd;double">-0.133</charge>
</Carbon-22>
<Carbon-22 rdf:about="#d1_3">
<charge rdf:datatype="&xsd;double">-0.0030</charge>
</Carbon-22>
<Six_ring rdf:about="#six_ring-1"/>
<Compound rdf:about="#d10">
<hasBond rdf:resource="#bond40"/>
<hasAtom rdf:resource="#d10_12"/>
<hasAtom rdf:resource="#d10_13"/>
<isMutagenic rdf:datatype="&xsd;boolean">false</isMutagenic>
<hasStructure rdf:resource="#six_ring-9"/>
</Compound>
<Bond-1 rdf:about="#bond40">
<inBond rdf:resource="#d10_12"/>
<inBond rdf:resource="#d10_13"/>
</Bond-1>
<Six_ring rdf:about="#six_ring-9"/>
<Nitrogen-32 rdf:about="#d10_12">
<charge rdf:datatype="&xsd;double">-0.313</charge>
</Nitrogen-32>
<Nitrogen-32 rdf:about="#d10_13">
<charge rdf:datatype="&xsd;double">-0.313</charge>
</Nitrogen-32>
</rdf:RDF>
"""
# Inspired by https://stackoverflow.com/a/33290642/5433896:
sparql_query = """CONSTRUCT {
:d1 ?prop ?val .
?child ?childProp ?childPropVal .
?someSubj ?incomingChildProp ?child .
}
WHERE {
:d1 ?prop ?val ;
(:overrides|!:overrides)+ ?child .
?child ?childProp ?childPropVal.
?someSubj ?incomingChildProp ?child.
}
"""
# Trying this query out:
import rdflib
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.setLevel("INFO")
graph = rdflib.Graph()
graph.parse(data=rdf, format='xml')
result = graph.query(sparql_query)
for s, p, o in result:
print(s, p, o)
if s.endswith('#d10') or s.endswith('#bond40') or s.endswith('#six_ring-9') or s.endswith('#d10_12') or s.endswith('#d10_13'):
logging.error('This triple should not be in the results! => {0} {1} {2}.'.format(s, p, o))
答案 0 :(得分:2)
添加其他我已经注意到的东西时,我找到了这个问题的答案。
自:d1 rdf:type :Compound
和:d10 rdf:type :Compound
以来,实际上存在从:d1
到:d10
的路径,因此,关于:d10
的三倍也出现在我的查询结果中-当然不是我想要的。
看着查询,我认为添加一个?child
一定不能为:d10
的附加约束是有意义的。而且,考虑到https://stackoverflow.com/a/33290642/5433896的发布者解释其查询的方式,我还应该排除?someSubj
或?childPropVal
可以是:d10
:
CONSTRUCT {
:d1 ?prop ?val .
?child ?childProp ?childPropVal .
?someSubj ?incomingChildProp ?child .
}
WHERE {
:d1 (:overrides|!:overrides)+ ?child .
?child ?childProp ?childPropVal.
?someSubj ?incomingChildProp ?child.
FILTER (?child != :d10)
FILTER (?childPropVal != :d10)
FILTER (?someSubj != :d10)
}
这从我的查询结果中删除了:d10
。太好了!
但是错误ERROR:root:This triple should not be in the results! => http://dl-learner.org/carcinogenesis#six_ring-9 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://dl-learner.org/carcinogenesis#Six_ring.
仍然存在。
我玩弄了一些可能导致该问题的三元组,发现三元组{ Six_ring rdf:about="#six_ring-9" }
是查询结果中仍然有#six_ring-9
的原因。因此,同样,rdf:type
(暗示在rdf:about
中)引起了问题。
理想地,我们需要在SPARQL中描述我们有兴趣知道链接到rdf:types
的对象(例如:d1
,:Compound
):Six_Ring
是什么,但是不是什么其他对象也链接到那些对象类型。这将解决我们最初在查询中发现的两个问题。
因此该查询解决了该问题:
CONSTRUCT {
:d1 ?prop ?val .
?child ?childProp ?childPropVal .
?someSubj ?incomingChildProp ?child .
}
WHERE {
:d1 (:overrides|!:overrides)+ ?child .
?child ?childProp ?childPropVal.
?someSubj ?incomingChildProp ?child.
FILTER (?incomingChildProp != rdf:type)
}