具有案例类的Scala无形键入Map [Symbol,String]

时间:2019-06-17 20:16:58

标签: scala shapeless

我正在读取查询参数,并将其转换为Map[Symbol, String]。我想通过一组案例类为这些查询参数添加一些类型安全性。

根据传入的http请求,这些案例类将有所不同,因此需要支持不同的案例类。

如果传入的查询参数与定义的case class不匹配,则Parser应该返回None

我尝试使用shapeless来实现通用解析器。如果所有参数均为String类型,则可以使用。但是我需要支持任何类型的查询参数。

我试图结合本文中看到的隐式转换逻辑,但是无法使其正常工作。 https://meta.plasm.us/posts/2015/11/08/type-classes-and-generic-derivation/(无形新手)

现有的Parser(不包含用于类型转换的字符串):

class Parser[A] {
  def from[R <: HList]
  (m: Map[Symbol, String])
  (implicit
   gen: LabelledGeneric.Aux[A, R],
   fromMap: FromMap[R]
  ): Option[A] = fromMap(m).map(gen.from)
}

object Parser {
  def to[A]: Parser[A] = new Parser[A]
}

描述问题的测试:

class ParserSpec extends FlatSpec with Matchers {
  private val sampleName: String = "Bob"
  private val sampleVersion: Int = 1

  //Partial Solution
  case class QueryParams(name: String, version: String)

  //Full Solution (not working)
  case class QueryParams2(name: String, version: Int)

  "A Parser" should "parse query parameters from a map with only string values" in {
    val mapOfQueryParams = Map('name -> sampleName, 'version -> sampleVersion.toString)
    val result = Parser.to[QueryParams].from(mapOfQueryParams)

    result shouldBe 'defined
    result.get.name shouldEqual sampleName
    result.get.version shouldEqual sampleVersion.toString
  }
  it should "parse query parameters from a map with any type of value" in {
    val mapOfQueryParams = Map('name -> sampleName, 'version -> sampleVersion.toString)
    val result = Parser.to[QueryParams2].from(mapOfQueryParams)

    //result is not defined as it's not able to convert a string to integer
    result shouldBe 'defined
    result.get.name shouldEqual sampleName
    result.get.version shouldEqual sampleVersion
  }
}

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

FromMap使用shapeless.Typeable将值转换为期望的类型。因此,使代码正常工作的最简单方法是定义Typeable的实例,以将String转换为Int(对于任何值类型,还会出现另外的Typeable实例)在您的案例类别中):

implicit val stringToInt: Typeable[Int] = new Typeable[Int] {
  override def cast(t: Any): Option[Int] = t match {
    case t: String => Try(t.toInt).toOption
    case _ => Typeable.intTypeable.cast(t)
  }

  override def describe: String = "Int from String"
}

但这不是Typeable的预期用途,该用途旨在确认类型为Any的变量已经是预期类型的​​实例,而没有任何转换。换句话说,它打算是asInstanceOf的类型安全实现,也可以解决类型擦除。


为了正确起见,您可以定义自己的ReadFromMap类型类,该类型类使用您自己的Read类型类将String转换为期望的类型。这是Read类型类的简单实现(假设Scala 2.12):

import scala.util.Try

trait Read[T] {
  def apply(string: String): Option[T]
}

object Read {
  implicit val readString: Read[String] = Some(_)
  implicit val readInt: Read[Int] = s => Try(s.toInt).toOption
  // Add more implicits for other types in your case classes
}

并且您可以复制和修改FromMap的实现以使用此Read类型类:

import shapeless._
import shapeless.labelled._

trait ReadFromMap[R <: HList] extends Serializable {
  def apply(map: Map[Symbol, String]): Option[R]
}

object ReadFromMap {
  implicit def hnil: ReadFromMap[HNil] = _ => Some(HNil)

  implicit def hlist[K <: Symbol, V, T <: HList](implicit
    keyWitness: Witness.Aux[K],
    readValue: Read[V],
    readRest: ReadFromMap[T]
  ): ReadFromMap[FieldType[K, V] :: T] = map => for {
    value <- map.get(keyWitness.value)
    converted <- readValue(value)
    rest <- readRest(map)
  } yield field[K](converted) :: rest
}

然后只需在您的Parser中使用这个新的typeclass:

class Parser[A] {
  def from[R <: HList]
  (m: Map[Symbol, String])
  (implicit
    gen: LabelledGeneric.Aux[A, R],
    fromMap: ReadFromMap[R]
  ): Option[A] = fromMap(m).map(gen.from)
}