Question

我的模型定义如下：

class Patch(Base):
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    major = Column(Integer, nullable=False)
    minor = Column(Integer, nullable=False)

    @hybrid_property
    def patch(self) -> str:
        return f'{self.major}.{self.minor}'

    @patch.expression
    def patch(self):
        return func.concat(self.major, '.', self.minor)

我想提出此类请求：

Patch.query.order_by(Patch.patch)

应该与下一个SQL命令等效：

SELECT * FROM patch ORDER BY major DESC, minor DESC

我尝试使用hybrid_property.expression

    @patch.expression
    def patch(self):
        return self.major, self.minor

但有例外：

sqlalchemy.exc.InvalidRequestError: SQL expression, column, or mapped entity expected - got '(<sqlalchemy.orm.attributes.InstrumentedAttribute object at 0x7f1a5cd5fc50>, <sqlalchemy.orm.attributes.InstrumentedAttribute object at 0x7f1a5cd5fd00>)

我知道可以使用custrom comparator，但是我还没有找到如何使用两个字段（即major，minor）来做到这一点。

有什么想法吗？

P.S。不必一定是hybrid_property，两种方法都可以

Answer 1

以下内容适用于两个单独字段的排序。值得注意的是，patch的python实现仍然是一个字符串，因此除非您更改patch以返回(major, minor)的元组，否则Python对象和SQL行之间的顺序将有所不同。已在Python 3.6.5，SQLAlchemy 1.1.15，psycopg2 2.7.7中进行了测试

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, func
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.ext.hybrid import hybrid_property
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.sql.functions import concat

engine = create_engine('postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres', echo=True)
Base = declarative_base(bind=engine)


class Patch(Base):

    __tablename__ = "patch"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    major = Column(Integer, nullable=False)
    minor = Column(Integer, nullable=False)

    @hybrid_property
    def patch(self) -> str:
        return f'{self.major}.{self.minor}'

    @patch.expression
    def patch(self):
        return self.major.op(",")(self.minor)

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"Patch object {self.id} {self.patch}"


Base.metadata.create_all()
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if session.query(Patch).count() == 0:
        example_patches = [Patch(major=major, minor=minor) for major in range(3) for minor in range(3)]
        session.add_all(example_patches)
        session.commit()

    patches = session.query(Patch).order_by(Patch.patch).all()
    print(patches)

2019-06-13 14:44:27,245 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT patch.id AS patch_id, patch.major AS patch_major, patch.minor AS patch_minor 
  FROM patch ORDER BY patch.major , patch.minor
2019-06-13 14:44:27,245 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine {}
[Patch object 2740 0.0, Patch object 2741 0.1, Patch object 2742 0.2, Patch object 2743 0.3, Patch object 2744 0.4, Patch object 2745 0.5, Patch object 2746 0.6, Patch object 2747 0.7, Patch object 2748 0.8, Patch object 2749 0.9, Patch object 2750 0.10, ...

如何使用sqlalchemy hybrid_property在几个字段上查询？

1 个答案: