Question

我有一个简单的连接字符串，用于连接到在本地docker容器中运行的MSSQL服务器。该代码在python 3.7（不是conda）中可以正常工作，但是在任何conda环境中都无法执行。我特别想让它在Jupyter笔记本中工作。

我最近重新安装了Anaconda，但这似乎无关，因为它仍然无法正常工作。我的.bash_profile似乎有些混乱，但是在确定自己要做什么之前，我一直不愿意在此进行更改。

据我所知，我的python的conda版本找不到其他版本的python使用的pyodbc驱动程序。

此代码对我而言可在任何非conda版本的Python中使用，但在其他地方失败。

import pyodbc
drivers = [item for item in pyodbc.drivers()]
driver = drivers[-1]
print("driver:{}".format(driver))
server = '192.168.0.4'
database = 'XXXXXXX'
uid = 'sa'
pwd = 'XXXXXXXXXX'
con_string = f'DRIVER={driver};SERVER={server};PORT=1433;DATABASE={database};UID={uid};PWD={pwd}'
print(con_string)
cnxn = pyodbc.connect(con_string)


cursor = cnxn.cursor()
print('connected')

cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM TB_STYLE_AUDIT')

for row in cursor:
    print(row)

预期结果（缩短）：

/usr/local/bin/python3.7 /Users/mycomputer/Documents/Pythonprojects/BuildingOldHistory/getHistoricaldata.py
driver:ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server
DRIVER=ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server;SERVER=192.168.0.4;PORT=1433;DATABASE=XXXXXXX;UID=sa;PWD=XXXXXXX
connected
(37962, 107, 555255, 662895, 689233, datetime.datetime(2016, 6, 8, 13, 22, 38), 1, '', '', '', -1.0, -10.0, -20.0, 'Sale', '1086504', '1088527', None, 18, None)

这是来自conda的错误：

IndexError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-ea3728340faa> in <module>
      2 
      3 drivers = [item for item in pyodbc.drivers()]
----> 4 driver = drivers[-1]
      5 print("driver:{}".format(driver))
      6 server = '192.168.0.4'

IndexError: list index out of range

进行编辑以添加此代码在conda之外也适用：

import pyodbc

#drivers = [item for item in pyodbc.drivers()]
#driver = drivers[-1]
#print("driver:{}".format(driver))
driver = 'ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server'
server = '192.168.0.4'
database = 'XXXXXXX'
uid = 'sa'
pwd = 'XXXXXXX'
con_string = f'DRIVER={driver};SERVER={server};PORT=1433;DATABASE={database};UID={uid};PWD={pwd}'
print(con_string)
cnxn = pyodbc.connect(con_string)


cursor = cnxn.cursor()
print('connected')

cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM TB_STYLE_AUDIT')

for row in cursor:
    print(row)

但在笔记本中产生此错误：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Error                                     Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-2-3f7d96055440> in <module>
     11 con_string = f'DRIVER={driver};SERVER={server};PORT=1433;DATABASE={database};UID={uid};PWD={pwd}'
     12 print(con_string)
---> 13 cnxn = pyodbc.connect(con_string)
     14 
     15 

Error: ('01000', "[01000] [unixODBC][Driver Manager]Can't open lib 'ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server' : file not found (0) (SQLDriverConnect)")

Answer 1

如果是OSX，请按照Drivers and Driver Managers上的说明进行操作。 Install FreeTDS, unixODBC and pyodbc on OS X

也很有帮助

关键问题是配置文件，如下所示：

在驱动程序和实例上，编辑/usr/local/etc/odbcinst.ini：

[FreeTDS]
Description=FreeTDS Driver for Linux & MSSQL
Driver=/usr/local/lib/libtdsodbc.so
Setup=/usr/local/lib/libtdsodbc.so
UsageCount=1

[unixodbc]
Description=unixodbc
ODBCInstLib=/usr/local/Cellar/unixodbc/2.3.1/lib/libodbcinst.dylib
DriverManagerEncoding=UTF-16

测试日志：

$ python
Python 3.6.8 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Dec 29 2018, 19:04:46) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Clang 4.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_401/final)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pyodbc
>>> pyodbc.drivers()
['FreeTDS', 'unixodbc']
>>>

Answer 2

对我来说，这是系统链接被破坏的问题。我通过关注 this 修复了它。

运行此修复它：

sudo ln -s /usr/local/etc/odbcinst.ini /etc/odbcinst.ini
sudo ln -s /usr/local/etc/odbc.ini /etc/odbc.ini

Pyodbc在非conda python中工作，但无法在conda中加载驱动程序

2 个答案: