Question

我目前正在使用一个GUI，用户在其中输入数据并单击一个按钮以运行绘制画布的功能。

绘制画布的功能大约需要1分钟才能运行，在那几秒钟中，GUI会冻结。

因此，在这几秒钟中，我想显示一个页面，要求用户等待（例如带有动画gif的页面）。

这是我正在使用的代码（我已经用一个带有time.sleep的简单案例替换了绘制Graph的代码）：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import threading
from PIL import Image, ImageTk 

TITTLE_FONT = ("Verdana", 30)
LARGE_FONT= ("Verdana", 16)
NORM_FONT = ("Helvetica", 10)
SMALL_FONT = ("Helvetica", 8)
style.use("ggplot")


class GUI(tk.Tk):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):


        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.shared_data = {
            "x1": tk.StringVar(),
            "x2": tk.StringVar(),
            "x3": tk.StringVar()}


        tk.Tk.wm_title(self, "Titre")

        container = tk.Frame(self)
        container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand = True)
        container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        #Menu
        menubar = tk.Menu(container)
        filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
        filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=self.destroy)
        menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu)

        tk.Tk.config(self, menu=menubar)

        self.frames = {}

        for F in (StartPage, PageGraph, WaitingPage):
            frame = F(container, self)
            self.frames[F] = frame
            frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
        self.show_frame(StartPage)

    def show_frame(self, cont):

        frame = self.frames[cont]
        frame.tkraise()

    def get_page(self, page_class):

        return self.frames[page_class]


class WaitingPage(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller=controller
        label1 = tk.Label(self, text="Calculs en cours", font=TITTLE_FONT)
        label1.pack()
        label2 = tk.Label(self, text="Veuillez Patienter", font=LARGE_FONT)
        label2.pack()


class StartPage(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self,parent)
        self.controller=controller
        label = tk.Label(self, text="Page d'acceuil", font=LARGE_FONT)
        label.pack(pady=10,padx=10)

        #---------- Boutton pour switcher sur la "Page du graph"

        button = ttk.Button(self, text="Page du Graph",
                            command=lambda: controller.show_frame(PageGraph))
        button.pack()

        label1 = ttk.Label(self, text="X1", font=NORM_FONT)
        label1.pack(pady=10,padx=10)
        self.entry1 = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.controller.shared_data["x1"])
        self.entry1.pack(pady=10,padx=10)

        label2 = ttk.Label(self, text="X2", font=NORM_FONT)
        label2.pack(pady=10,padx=10)
        self.entry2 = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.controller.shared_data["x2"])
        self.entry2.pack(pady=10,padx=10)

        label3 = ttk.Label(self, text="X3", font=NORM_FONT)
        label3.pack(pady=10,padx=10)
        self.entry3 = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.controller.shared_data["x3"])
        self.entry3.pack(pady=10,padx=10)

        button2 = ttk.Button(self, text="Valider", command=self.do_button)
        button2.pack()




    def do_button(self):

        page = self.controller.get_page(PageGraph)
        page.Graph()        




class PageGraph(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller=controller

        label = tk.Label(self, text="Graph Page", font=LARGE_FONT)
        label.pack(pady=10,padx=10)


        button1 = ttk.Button(self, text="Back to Home",command=lambda: controller.show_frame(StartPage))
        button1.pack()

        # ---------- Création du canvas vide

        self.f = Figure()
        self.a = self.f.add_subplot(111)

        self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.f, self)
        self.canvas.draw()
        self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

        self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas, self)
        self.toolbar.update()
        self.canvas._tkcanvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)



    def Graph(self):


        self.controller.show_frame(WaitingPage)

        def real_Graph() :

            time.sleep(5)

            x1 = float(self.controller.shared_data["x1"].get())
            x2 = float(self.controller.shared_data["x2"].get())
            x3 = float(self.controller.shared_data["x3"].get())

            xAxis = [float(x1),float(x2),float(x3)]
            yAxis = [float(x1),float(x2),float(x3)]

            return (xAxis , yAxis)


        threadGraph = threading.Thread(target=real_Graph)
        threadGraph.start()

        #############################################
        ######### Retrieve xAxis and yAxis ?#########
        #############################################

        self.toolbar.update()
        self.a.clear() 
        self.a.bar(xAxis,yAxis)
        self.canvas.draw()

        self.controller.show_frame(PageGraph)




app = GUI()
app.geometry("1280x720")
app.mainloop()

在Graph函数中：想法是在另一个线程中运行long计算，然后检索数据以绘制图形。

因此，我的问题是：如何检索在另一个线程中运行的函数返回的内容（此处为xAxis和yAxis）？（此处为real_Graph函数）

Answer 1

由于无法在其他线程中更新图形，因此可以使用threads定期检查是否要在主线程中更新图形：

tkinter.after(...)

Answer 2

我希望这会对您有所帮助。您需要更改此部分：

threadGraph = threading.Thread(target=real_Graph)
threadGraph.start()

要

Threads = []
threadGraph = threading.Thread(target=real_Graph)
Threads.append(threadGraph)
threadGraph.start()
for t in Threads:
    print(t.join())

Answer 3

在real_Graph函数中完成计算后，为什么不直接绘制图形呢？

def Graph(self):

    def real_Graph():

        time.sleep(5)

        x1 = float(self.controller.shared_data["x1"].get())
        x2 = float(self.controller.shared_data["x2"].get())
        x3 = float(self.controller.shared_data["x3"].get())

        xAxis = [float(x1),float(x2),float(x3)]
        yAxis = [float(x1),float(x2),float(x3)]

        self.toolbar.update()
        self.a.clear()
        self.a.bar(xAxis, yAxis)
        self.canvas.draw()

        self.controller.show_frame(PageGraph)

    threadGraph = threading.Thread(target=real_Graph)
    threadGraph.start()

Python-如何从线程返回数据

3 个答案: