我最近开始研究在Tkinter的python程序中使用API，到目前为止，我已经能够编写一个程序，在伦敦地铁站的旅行计划器中使用TransportAPI提取旅行数据。
到目前为止，该程序运行良好，唯一的问题是将返回的JSON数据格式化为用户可读的格式。下面是创建URL并在程序中显示输出的函数代码以及程序运行时的当前输出。
创建API URL并返回输出：
(defun remove-equals (sequence &key (test #'eql) (start 0) end (key #'identity))
"Removes all repetitive sequence elements based on equality test."
#.(defun equality-test (x y)
(funcall test (funcall key x) (funcall key y)))
#.(sb-ext:define-hash-table-test equality-test sxhash)
(let ((ht (make-hash-table :test #'equality-test)))
(iterate (for elt in-sequence (subseq sequence start end))
(incf (gethash (funcall key elt) ht 0)))
(remove-if (lambda (elt)
(/= 1 (gethash elt ht)))
sequence :start start :end end :key key)))
在程序窗口中显示输出：
def create_url(): # creates API url using inputted / chosen values
input_time = get_time()
input_date = get_date()
station_from = get_source()
station_to = get_destination()
search_url = 'https://transportapi.com/v3/uk/public/journey/from/'+station_from+'/to/'+station_to+'/at/'+input_date+'/'+input_time+'.json?app_id=bab9c3cc&app_key=0caef97a7e642a7d15f6f59efac6332c&modes=train¬_modes=bus-boat&service=tfl'
return search_url
程序中的当前输出：
def display_results(): # displays API result to the user
data = get_data()
label_search_result.config(text=data)
我将如何将这些数据格式化为用户更易读的格式？对于一个想法，理想的输出应该是这样的：
{"request_time":"2019-06-10T00:50:45+01:00","source":"TfL journey planning
API","acknowledgements":"Transport for London","routes":
[{"duration":"00:09:00","route_parts":
[{"mode":"tube","from_point_name":"Stratford","to_point_name":"Liverpool
Street","destination":"Ealing
Broadway","line_name":"Central","duration":"00:09:00","departure_time":"12:46"
,"arrival_time":"12:55","coordinates":[[-0.00336,51.54171],[-0.00427,51.54114],[-0.00474,51.54078],[-0.00561,51.54003],[-0.00758,51.53835],[-0.00955,51.53671],[-0.01158,51.53537],[-0.01786,51.53208],[-0.01984,51.53117],[-0.02096,51.53064],[-0.0214,51.53037],[-0.0253,51.52724],[-0.02583,51.52699],[-0.02626,51.52688],[-0.02806,51.52654],[-0.03209,51.52567],[-0.03299,51.52548],[-0.03354,51.52533],[-0.03354,51.52533],[-0.03509,51.52494],[-0.03592,51.5247],[-0.0374,51.52418],[-0.03905,51.52366],[-0.04055,51.52328],[-0.04125,51.52314],[-0.04253,51.52314],[-0.04328,51.52324],[-0.04472,51.5236],[-0.0457,51.52393],[-0.04659,51.52435],[-0.04945,51.52616],[-0.04996,51.52643],[-0.05064,51.52665],[-0.0516,51.52684],[-0.05459,51.52706],[-0.05459,51.52706],[-0.0568,51.52722],[-0.05741,51.52722],[-0.062,51.52673],[-0.06601,51.52627],[-0.06796,51.526],[-0.06924,51.52575],[-0.07011,51.52552],[-0.07173,51.5248],[-0.07397,51.52386],[-0.0751,51.52336],[-0.0762,51.52271],[-0.08219,51.51805]]}],"departure_time":"12:46","departure_date":"2019-07-07","arrival_time":"12:55","arrival_date":"2019-07-07"},{"duration":"00:09:00","route_parts":[{"mode":"tube","from_point_name":"Stratford","to_point_name":"Liverpool Street","destination":"West Ruislip","line_name":"Central","duration":"00:09:00","departure_time":"12:48","arrival_time":"12:57","coordinates":[[-0.00336,51.54171],[-0.00427,51.54114],[-0.00474,51.54078],[-0.00561,51.54003],[-0.00758,51.53835],[-0.00955,51.53671],[-0.01158,51.53537],[-0.01786,51.53208],[-0.01984,51.53117],[-0.02096,51.53064],[-0.0214,51.53037],[-0.0253,51.52724],[-0.02583,51.52699],[-0.02626,51.52688],[-0.02806,51.52654],[-0.03209,51.52567],[-0.03299,51.52548],[-0.03354,51.52533],[-0.03354,51.52533],[-0.03509,51.52494],[-0.03592,51.5247],[-0.0374,51.52418],[-0.03905,51.52366],[-0.04055,51.52328],[-0.04125,51.52314],[-0.04253,51.52314],[-0.04328,51.52324],[-0.04472,51.5236],[-0.0457,51.52393],[-0.04659,51.52435],[-0.04945,51.52616],[-0.04996,51.52643],[-0.05064,51.52665],[-0.0516,51.52684],[-0.05459,51.52706],[-0.05459,51.52706],[-0.0568,51.52722],[-0.05741,51.52722],[-0.062,51.52673],[-0.06601,51.52627],[-0.06796,51.526],[-0.06924,51.52575],[-0.07011,51.52552],[-0.07173,51.5248],[-0.07397,51.52386],[-0.0751,51.52336],[-0.0762,51.52271],[-0.08219,51.51805]]}],"departure_time":"12:48","departure_date":"2019-07-07","arrival_time":"12:57","arrival_date":"2019-07-07"}]}
答案 0 :(得分：1)
原始JSON数据的格式如下所示，因此更具可读性，您可以看到其结构更清晰-这在进行此类操作时通常很有帮助：
{"acknowledgements": "Transport for London",
"request_time": "2019-06-10T00:50:45+01:00",
"routes": [{"arrival_date": "2019-07-07",
"arrival_time": "12:55",
"departure_date": "2019-07-07",
"departure_time": "12:46",
"duration": "00:09:00",
"route_parts": [{"arrival_time": "12:55",
"coordinates": [[-0.00336, 51.54171],
.
.
.
[-0.08219, 51.51805]],
"departure_time": "12:46",
"destination": "Ealing Broadway",
"duration": "00:09:00",
"from_point_name": "Stratford",
"line_name": "Central",
"mode": "tube",
"to_point_name": "Liverpool Street"}]},
{"arrival_date": "2019-07-07",
"arrival_time": "12:57",
"departure_date": "2019-07-07",
"departure_time": "12:48",
"duration": "00:09:00",
"route_parts": [{"arrival_time": "12:57",
"coordinates": [[-0.00336, 51.54171],
.
.
.
[-0.08219, 51.51805]],
"departure_time": "12:48",
"destination": "West Ruislip",
"duration": "00:09:00",
"from_point_name": "Stratford",
"line_name": "Central",
"mode": "tube",
"to_point_name": "Liverpool Street"}]}],
"source": "TfL journey planning API"}
您可以使用json.loads()将字符串从API转换为Python字典，然后，对其内容进行迭代，并将键和值放入所需的格式：
import json
data = json.loads(get_data())
for route in data['routes']:
for route_part in route['route_parts']:
print('Source:', route_part['from_point_name'])
print('Route:')
print('Line:', route_part['line_name'])
print('To:', route_part['destination'])
print('Duration:', route_part['duration'])
# etc ...
print() # Blank line.
答案 1 :(得分：0)
要做的第一件事是使用JSON模块将JSON字符串解析为dict：
import json
data = json.loads(get_data())
从现在开始，您可以像使用任何字典一样获取数据，并使用其格式化字符串。例如：
pretty_data = ""
for route in data["routes"]:
pretty_data += """Source: {}
Destination: {}
...""".format(route["route_parts"][0]["from_point_name"], route["route_parts"][-1]["to_point_name"])
答案 2 :(得分：0)
希望这会有所帮助，“数据”应该是从JSON解析的字典。
data = json_dictionary
print ('Request Time: ' + data['request_time'])
print ('Source: ' + data['source'])
print ('Acknowledgements: ' + data['acknowledgements'])
print ()
for x in (data['routes']):
for y in x['route_parts']:
print ('Departure Date: ' + x['departure_date'])
print ('From Point Name: ' + y['from_point_name'])
print ('To Point Name: ' + y['to_point_name'])
print ('Destination: ' + y['destination'])
print ('Line Name: ' + y['line_name'])
print ('Duration: ' + y['duration'])
print ('Departure Time: ' + y['departure_time'])
print ('Duration: ' + y['duration'])
print ('Arrival Time: ' + y['arrival_time'])
#for z in y['coordinates']:
# print ('Coordinates' + z)
print ()
输出：
Request Time: 2019-06-10T00:50:45+01:00
Source: TfL journey planning API
AcknowledgementsTransport for London
Departure Date: 2019-07-07
From Point Name: Stratford
To Point Name: Liverpool Street
Destination: Ealing Broadway
Line Name: Central
Duration: 00:09:00
Departure Time: 12:46
Duration: 00:09:00
Arrival Time: 12:55
Departure Date: 2019-07-07
From Point Name: Stratford
To Point Name: Liverpool Street
Destination: West Ruislip
Line Name: Central
Duration: 00:09:00
Departure Time: 12:48
Duration: 00:09:00
Arrival Time: 12:57