在Delphi 5中,在启用FastMM的情况下,以下最小可重现代码中对FreeMem
的调用会触发无效的指针异常:
program Project1;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
uses
FastMM4,
SysUtils,
Windows;
procedure Main;
var
token: THandle;
returnLength: Cardinal;
p: Pointer;
begin
OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess, TOKEN_QUERY, {out}token);
//Get the size of the buffer required.
//It's normally going to be 38 bytes. We'll use 16KB to eliminate the possibility of buffer overrun
// Windows.GetTokenInformation(token, TokenUser, nil, 0, {var}returnLength);
p := GetMemory(16384); //GetMemory(returnLength);
Windows.GetTokenInformation(token, TokenUser, p, 1024, {var}returnLength);
FreeMem({var}p); //FreeMem is the documented way to free memory allocated with GetMemory.
// FreeMemory(p); //FreeMemory is the C++ compatible version of FreeMem.
end;
begin
Main;
end.
对 FreeMme
的呼叫失败,并显示EInvalidPointerException
:
FreeMem({var}p); //error
在以下情况下,错误将停止发生:
GetTokenInformation
FreeMemory
(而不是FreeMem
) 我已在新安装的Windows 7计算机上重新安装Delphi 5时重现了该错误。 FastMM4 v4.992。
只有:
如果它是FastMM4中的错误,我可以解决它。而不是打电话:
我可以用另一种方式手动分配缓冲区:
如果这不是FastMM4中的错误,我想修复上面的代码。
给我的印象是FastMM接管了内存管理,这就是为什么我惊讶地发现:
FreeMem({var}p);
失败 FreeMemory(p);
有效 在内部, FreeMem 被实现为对内存管理器的调用。在这种情况下,内存管理器(FastMM)返回非零,从而导致对reInvalidPtr
的调用:
System.pas
procedure _FreeMem;
asm
TEST EAX,EAX
JE @@1
CALL MemoryManager.FreeMem
OR EAX,EAX
JNE @@2
@@1: RET
@@2: MOV AL,reInvalidPtr
JMP Error
end;
和 MemoryManager.FreeMem 的实现最终是:
FastMM4.pas
function FastFreeMem(APointer: Pointer);
FreeMemory 的实现是:
System.pas :
function FreeMemory(P: Pointer): Integer; cdecl;
begin
if P = nil then
Result := 0
else
Result := SysFreeMem(P);
end;
SysFreeMem 在以下位置实现:
GetMem.inc :
function SysFreeMem(p: Pointer): Integer;
// Deallocate memory block.
label
abort;
var
u, n : PUsed;
f : PFree;
prevSize, nextSize, size : Integer;
begin
heapErrorCode := cHeapOk;
if not initialized and not InitAllocator then begin
heapErrorCode := cCantInit;
result := cCantInit;
exit;
end;
try
if IsMultiThread then EnterCriticalSection(heapLock);
u := p;
u := PUsed(PChar(u) - sizeof(TUsed)); { inv: u = address of allocated block being freed }
size := u.sizeFlags;
{ inv: size = SET(block size) + [block flags] }
{ validate that the interpretation of this block as a used block is correct }
if (size and cThisUsedFlag) = 0 then begin
heapErrorCode := cBadUsedBlock;
goto abort;
end;
{ inv: the memory block addressed by 'u' and 'p' is an allocated block }
Dec(AllocMemCount);
Dec(AllocMemSize,size and not cFlags - sizeof(TUsed));
if (size and cPrevFreeFlag) <> 0 then begin
{ previous block is free, coalesce }
prevSize := PFree(PChar(u)-sizeof(TFree)).size;
if (prevSize < sizeof(TFree)) or ((prevSize and cFlags) <> 0) then begin
heapErrorCode := cBadPrevBlock;
goto abort;
end;
f := PFree(PChar(u) - prevSize);
if f^.size <> prevSize then begin
heapErrorCode := cBadPrevBlock;
goto abort;
end;
inc(size, prevSize);
u := PUsed(f);
DeleteFree(f);
end;
size := size and not cFlags;
{ inv: size = block size }
n := PUsed(PChar(u) + size);
{ inv: n = block following the block to free }
if PChar(n) = curAlloc then begin
{ inv: u = last block allocated }
dec(curAlloc, size);
inc(remBytes, size);
if remBytes > cDecommitMin then
FreeCurAlloc;
result := cHeapOk;
exit;
end;
if (n.sizeFlags and cThisUsedFlag) <> 0 then begin
{ inv: n is a used block }
if (n.sizeFlags and not cFlags) < sizeof(TUsed) then begin
heapErrorCode := cBadNextBlock;
goto abort;
end;
n.sizeFlags := n.sizeFlags or cPrevFreeFlag
end else begin
{ inv: block u & n are both free; coalesce }
f := PFree(n);
if (f.next = nil) or (f.prev = nil) or (f.size < sizeof(TFree)) then begin
heapErrorCode := cBadNextBlock;
goto abort;
end;
nextSize := f.size;
inc(size, nextSize);
DeleteFree(f);
{ inv: last block (which was free) is not on free list }
end;
InsertFree(u, size);
abort:
result := heapErrorCode;
finally
if IsMultiThread then LeaveCriticalSection(heapLock);
end;
end;
因此,有意义的是 FreeMemory 不会触发错误; FreeMemory 未被内存管理器接管。
我想这就是为什么FreeMemory is not the documented counterpart to GetMemory: ?
答案 0 :(得分:7)
FreeMem
不是释放用GetMemory
分配的内存的记录方法,这显然是旧文档中的错误,此错误已得到纠正。在documentation for System.GetMemory中(添加了重点):
GetMemory
分配一个内存块。
GetMemory
在堆上分配给定大小的块,并返回该内存的地址。分配的缓冲区的字节未设置为零。 要处置缓冲区,请使用FreeMemory
。。如果没有足够的可用内存来分配块,则会引发EOutOfMemory
异常。
如果使用GetMem
分配内存,请使用FreeMem
。如果分配是通过GetMemory
完成的,请使用FreeMemory
。