当我需要在C ++ / CLI包装器代码中使用KeepAlive以及如何处理生命周期时,我感到很困惑。请考虑以下代码并记下我询问是否需要KeepAlive的地方。
// convert from managed to native string
inline std::string ToStdString(String^ source)
{
if (String::IsNullOrEmpty(source))
return std::string();
int len = ((source->Length+1) * 2);
/*** Do I need GC::KeepAlive(source) here? ***/
char *ch = new char[ len ];
bool result ;
{
pin_ptr<const wchar_t> wch = PtrToStringChars( source );
result = wcstombs( ch, wch, len ) != -1;
}
std::string target = ch;
delete ch;
if(!result)
throw gcnew Exception("error converting System::String to std::string");
return target;
}
// convert from native to managed string
inline String^ ToSystemString(const std::string& source)
{
return gcnew String(source.c_str());
}
// unmanaged C++ class
struct NativeDog
{
std::string name;
std::string bark() const {return "woof";}
void eat(std::string& food) const {food.clear();}
};
typedef shared_ptr<NativeDog> NativeDogPtr;
// C++/CLI wrapper class
ref class ManagedDog
{
NativeDogPtr* base_;
NativeDog& base() {return **base_;}
ManagedDog() {base_ = new NativeDogPtr(new NativeDog);}
~ManagedDog() {if (base_) delete base_;}
!ManagedDog() {delete this;}
property String^ name
{
String^ get() {return ToSystemString(base().name);}
void set(String^ name)
{
base().name = ToStdString(name);
/*** Do I need GC::KeepAlive(name) here? ***/
}
}
String^ bark() {return ToSystemString(base().bark());}
void eat(String^ food)
{
std::string nativeFood = ToStdString(food);
base().eat(nativeFood);
food = ToSystemString(nativeFood);
/*** Do I need GC::KeepAlive(food) here? ***/
}
};
// unmanaged C++ class
struct NativeKennel
{
vector<NativeDogPtr> dogs;
};
// C++/CLI wrapper class
ref class ManagedKennel
{
NativeKennel* base_;
NativeKennel& base() {return *base_;}
IList<ManagedDog^>^ dogs;
void addDog(ManagedDog^ dog)
{
base().dogs.push_back(*dog->base_);
dogs->Add(dog);
/*** Do I need GC::KeepAlive(dog) here? Will the IList manage the ManagedDog lifetimes? ***/
}
};
答案 0 :(得分:3)
在调用托管委托的函数指针之前。
这是一种常见的故障模式,垃圾收集器无法看到本机代码所持有的任何引用。托管代码必须存储对委托本身的引用,以防止它被垃圾收集。有一个调试器助手,不知道为什么你没有看到它。有关此MSDN Library article。
的详细信息答案 1 :(得分:1)
以上都不是!
如果您在C ++ / CLI中访问托管类,KeepAlive将无济于事。您需要将数据固定在内存中以防止它重新定位垃圾收集。在所有这些示例中,这是由您调用的函数隐式完成的。
KeepAlive有不同的目标。存储在堆栈上的引用在最后一次取消引用对象后立即进行垃圾回收。 KeepAlive通过延长对象的生命周期直到KeepAlive调用之后来防止这种情况发生。