如何用字典型元素填充数组

时间:2019-05-31 13:58:48

标签: python arrays numpy dictionary

我需要用字典元素填充数组。例如:

a = np.empty(2,2)

我需要以这种方式填写(不允许)

for i in range(2):
   for j in range(2):
      a[i,j] = {'x': b[i], 'y': c[j]}

其中bc是数据框的其他列表/数组或列。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

import numpy as np

a = np.zeros((2, 2))
b = np.ones(a.shape[0])
c = np.ones(a.shape[1]) * [2]

list_a = a.tolist()

for i in range(2):
   for j in range(2):
      list_a[i][j] = {'x': b[i], 'y': c[j]}

a = np.array(list_a)

print(a)

输出:

array([[{'x': 1.0, 'y': 2.0}, {'x': 1.0, 'y': 2.0}],
       [{'x': 1.0, 'y': 2.0}, {'x': 1.0, 'y': 2.0}]], dtype=object)

答案 1 :(得分:1)

如果创建对象dtype数组,则可以在插槽中放置任何内容:

In [9]: a = np.empty((2,2), object)                                                  
In [10]: a                                                                           
Out[10]: 
array([[None, None],                  # empty() fills with None
       [None, None]], dtype=object)
In [11]: for i in range(2): 
    ...:     for j in range(2): 
    ...:         a[i,j] = {'x':b[i], 'y':c[j]} 
    ...:                                                                             
In [12]: a                                                                           
Out[12]: 
array([[{'x': 1, 'y': 4}, {'x': 1, 'y': 3}],
       [{'x': 3, 'y': 4}, {'x': 3, 'y': 3}]], dtype=object)

但是列表理解同样有效

In [13]: [[{'x':b[i],'y':c[j]} for j in range(2)] for i in range(2)]                 
Out[13]: [[{'x': 1, 'y': 4}, {'x': 1, 'y': 3}], [{'x': 3, 'y': 4}, {'x': 3, 'y': 3}]]
In [14]: np.array(_)                                                                 
Out[14]: 
array([[{'x': 1, 'y': 4}, {'x': 1, 'y': 3}],
       [{'x': 3, 'y': 4}, {'x': 3, 'y': 3}]], dtype=object)

或者您可以从平面列表开始,然后重新排列数组的形状:

In [15]: [{'x':b[i],'y':c[j]} for j in range(2) for i in range(2)]                   
Out[15]: [{'x': 1, 'y': 4}, {'x': 3, 'y': 4}, {'x': 1, 'y': 3}, {'x': 3, 'y': 3}]
In [16]: np.array(_)                                                                 
Out[16]: 
array([{'x': 1, 'y': 4}, {'x': 3, 'y': 4}, {'x': 1, 'y': 3},
       {'x': 3, 'y': 3}], dtype=object)
In [18]: _.reshape(2,2)                                                              
Out[18]: 
array([[{'x': 1, 'y': 4}, {'x': 3, 'y': 4}],
       [{'x': 1, 'y': 3}, {'x': 3, 'y': 3}]], dtype=object)

使用该词典列表将比列表更容易或更快捷。

或者,我们可以创建带有2个命名字段的结构化数组。从元组列表开始:

In [19]: [(b[i],c[j]) for j in range(2) for i in range(2)]                           
Out[19]: [(1, 4), (3, 4), (1, 3), (3, 3)]
In [20]: np.array(_, dtype=[('x',int),('y',int)])                                    
Out[20]: array([(1, 4), (3, 4), (1, 3), (3, 3)], dtype=[('x', '<i8'), ('y', '<i8')])
In [21]: _.reshape(2,2)                                                              
Out[21]: 
array([[(1, 4), (3, 4)],
       [(1, 3), (3, 3)]], dtype=[('x', '<i8'), ('y', '<i8')])
In [22]: _['x']                                                                      
Out[22]: 
array([[1, 3],
       [1, 3]])

相反,要从2d对象数组中获取所有x值:

In [24]: [i['x'] for i in a.flat]                                                    
Out[24]: [1, 1, 3, 3]