我想创建一个博客页面,它可以正常工作,但是我想更改特定博客文章的URL。目前,指向特定博客帖子的URL为 myurl.com/blog/pk ,但我希望改为 myurl.com/blog/category/title 。我怎样才能做到这一点?如果您愿意,也请对代码进行任何形式的批评。
Models.py
from django.db import models
class Category(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
class Post(models.Model):
title = models.SlugField(max_length = 250, null = True, blank = True)
body = models.TextField()
created_on = models.DateTimeField(null=True)
last_modified = models.DateTimeField(null=True)
categories = models.ManyToManyField('Category', related_name='posts')
class Comment(models.Model):
author = models.CharField(max_length=60)
body = models.TextField()
created_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
post = models.ForeignKey('Post', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
Views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Post
from .models import Comment
from .forms import CommentForm
from django.http import HttpResponse
def blog_index(request):
posts = Post.objects.all().order_by('-created_on')
context = {
"posts": posts,
}
return render(request, "blog_index.html", context)
def blog_category(request, category):
posts = Post.objects.filter(
categories__name__contains=category
).order_by(
'-created_on'
)
if not posts:
return HttpResponse(status=404)
context = {
"category": category,
"posts": posts
}
return render(request, "blog_category.html", context)
def blog_detail(request, pk):
post = Post.objects.get(pk=pk)
form = CommentForm()
if request.method == 'POST':
form = CommentForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
comment = Comment(
author=form.cleaned_data["author"],
body=form.cleaned_data["body"],
post=post
)
comment.save()
comments = Comment.objects.filter(post=post)
context = {
"post": post,
"comments": comments,
"form": form,
}
return render(request, "blog_detail.html", context)
应用urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path("", views.blog_index, name="blog_index"),
path("<int:pk>/", views.blog_detail, name="blog_detail"),
path("<category>/", views.blog_category, name="blog_category"),
]
项目URL
path('blog/', include('blog.urls')),
答案 0 :(得分:0)
我非常确信您不要使用标题。标题通常可以包含空格(),标点符号(
~!#.?
等)和特殊字符。 URL不能包含大多数这些字符。的确可以逃脱这些字符,但是URL看起来很丑:
myurl.com/some%20title%20containing%20spaces
现在这不是很可读。
但是,您可以将 slug 与SlugField
[Django-doc]一起使用。 SlugField
是CharField
,但是它做了一些清理工作以避免URL难看。例如,'some title containing spaces'
将转换为some-title-containing-spaces
。
您可以将SlugField
添加到CategoryModel
中,例如:
from django.utils.text import slugify
class Category(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
slug = models.SlugField(unique=True, blank=True)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.slug = slugify(self.name)
super().save(*args, **kwargs)
在urlpatterns
中,我们可以将slug
指定为:
# app/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.blog_index, name='blog_index'),
path('<int:pk>/', views.blog_detail, name='blog_detail'),
path('category/<slug:category_slug>/', views.blog_category, name='blog_category'),
]
然后我们可以在子弹视图中进行过滤:
from django.shortcuts import get_list_or_404
from .models import Post
def blog_category(request, category_slug):
posts = get_list_or_404(Post.objects.filter(
categories__slug=category_slug
).order_by(
'-created_on'
))
context = {
'category': category,
'posts': posts
}
return render(request, 'blog_category.html', context)
有时slug
已经存在于另一个Category
对象中,我们可以使用脚本生成唯一的子段,例如:
from django.utils.text import slugify
from itertools import count
class Category(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
slug = models.SlugField(unique=True, blank=True)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
for i in count():
slug = slugify('{}{}'.format(self.title, i or ''))
if not Category.objects.filter(slug=slug).exists():
break
self.slug = slug
super().save(*args, **kwargs)