最终情节

Question

我正在使用此数据库：

structure(list(year = c(1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 
1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 
2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
), saldo = c(8275867, 3702514, -2636805, -3665755, -5751042, 
841426, 48908, -4019329, -4943662, -2199522, 1060542, 6223146, 
16661053, 16087980, 12130455, 11699873, 12392519, 11272844, 12556386, 
16885829, 11381863, 9020415, 12008167, 1521176, 2668277.78157, 
-3419083.03045001, 2057032, -8308931, -3881619)), row.names = c(NA, 
-29L), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"))

这是我的代码，用于绘制阿根廷的贸易平衡时间序列：

install.packages("ggplot2")
library(ggplot2)    

ggplot(TB_ARG_since_1990,aes(x=year,y=saldo,group=1))+
  geom_line(aes(color=""),linetype = "solid",size=1)+
  labs(color="Trade balance")+
  labs(title="Argentina Trade Balance",x="",y="Saldo")+
  theme_classic()+
  scale_x_continuous(name="", labels=as.character(TB_ARG_since_1990$year), breaks = TB_ARG_since_1990$year)+
  theme(text = element_text(size=10), axis.text.x = element_text(angle=90, hjust=1))+ 
  scale_y_continuous(name="", labels=as.character(TB_ARG_since_1990$saldo),breaks= TB_ARG_since_1990$saldo)+
  theme(text = element_text(size=10),axis.text.y = element_text(angle=0, hjust=1))

这是我当前的情节：

My plot

我想要这张图：

I want this graph

我不知道如何指出图中y轴的负值。另外，我想在y轴的每个值之间添加更多空间。

Answer 1

我同意@yarnabrina的观点，geom_area是您需要的选项。但是，ggplot需要一些帮助才能准确满足您的要求，请参见下文。

data.df <- structure(list(year = c(1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 
                               1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 
                               2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
), saldo = c(8275867, 3702514, -2636805, -3665755, -5751042, 
             841426, 48908, -4019329, -4943662, -2199522, 1060542, 6223146, 
             16661053, 16087980, 12130455, 11699873, 12392519, 11272844, 12556386, 
             16885829, 11381863, 9020415, 12008167, 1521176, 2668277.78157, 
             -3419083.03045001, 2057032, -8308931, -3881619)), row.names = c(NA, 
                                                                             -29L), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"))

仅使用geom_area

的图形

ggplot(data.df, aes(x=year, y=saldo)) + 
       geom_area() + 
       geom_line(color= "red") + 
       geom_point(color= "red")

我添加了一行并指向显示您的数据。现在很明显，geom_area在横过y轴时无法按预期工作。

要解决此问题，我们需要将y轴交叉点添加到数据集。可以结合使用R base的lm和predict函数。

请参见下面的代码来计算新点（来自此post）

rx <- do.call("rbind",
              sapply(1:(nrow(data.df)-1), function(i){
                f <- lm(year~saldo, data.df[i:(i+1),])
                if (f$qr$rank < 2) return(NULL)
                r <- predict(f, newdata=data.frame(saldo=0))
                if(data.df[i,]$year < r & r < data.df[i+1,]$year)
                  return(data.frame(year=r,saldo=0))
                else return(NULL)
              }))
newdata.df <- rbind(data.df, rx)
newdata.df <- newdata.df[order(newdata.df$saldo),]

并绘制图形。

ggplot(newdata.df, aes(x=year, y=saldo)) + 
       geom_area() + 
       geom_line(color= "red") + 
       geom_point(color= "red")

现在看起来更像您要寻找的东西。最后一件事是修改代码以使其更美观。

最终情节

设置一些值以便于配置（您可以找到更多颜色选项here或使用Google ^ _ ^）

color.plot <- "darkorchid4"
size.line <- 1.5

选项1

ggplot(newdata.df, aes(x=year, y=saldo, color = "Trade balance")) + 
  geom_area(fill = color.plot, alpha = 0.6, size = size.line) + 
  # geom_line(color= color.plot, size = size.line) +
  geom_hline(aes(yintercept = 0), size = size.line) +
  labs(color= "", title="Argentina Trade Balance",x="",y="Saldo") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(from = -10e6, to = 20e6, by = 2.5e6), 
                     limits = c(-10e6, 20e6)) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(from = 1990, to = 2018, by = 1), 
                     limits = c(1990, 2018)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("Trade balance" = color.plot)) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=10), 
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle=90, hjust=1),
        plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
        legend.position = "bottom")

选项2

ggplot(newdata.df, aes(x=year, y=saldo, fill = "Trade balance")) + 
  geom_area(alpha = 0.6) + 
  geom_line(color= color.plot, size = size.line) +
  geom_hline(aes(yintercept = 0)) +
  labs(fill= "", title="Argentina Trade Balance",x="",y="Saldo") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(from = -10e6, to = 20e6, by = 2.5e6), 
                     limits = c(-10e6, 20e6)) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(from = 1990, to = 2018, by = 1), 
                     limits = c(1990, 2018)) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("Trade balance" = color.plot)) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=10), 
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle=90, hjust=1),
        plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
        legend.position = "bottom")

Answer 2

$tec

^{由reprex package（v0.3.0）于2019-05-25创建}

您可以通过修改此代码来使图形更美观。

我无法在y值之间添加更多空间

2 个答案:

最终情节