struct base
{
base(){}
~base() { cout << "base destructor" << endl; }
};
struct derived : public base
{
derived() : base() { vec.resize(200000000); }
~derived() { cout << "derived destructor" << endl; }
vector<int> vec;
};
int main()
{
base* ptr = new derived();
delete ptr;
while (true)
{
}
}
由于删除操作未调用派生对象的析构函数,因此以上代码泄漏。但是...
struct base
{
base() {}
~base() { cout << "base destructor" << endl; }
};
struct derived : public base
{
derived() : base() {}
~derived() { cout << "derived destructor" << endl; }
int arr[200000000];
};
int main()
{
base* ptr = new derived();
delete ptr;
while (true)
{
}
}
在第二种情况下,即使仅调用基本析构函数,内存也不会泄漏。所以我假设如果我的所有成员都是自动变量,那么没有基析构函数是安全的吗?当未调用派生对象的析构函数时,派生类中的“ arr”成员不会永不超出范围吗?幕后是怎么回事?
答案 0 :(得分:3)
如果曾经通过指向该基类的指针删除了派生对象,则始终有必要在基类中具有虚拟析构函数。否则,该程序的行为是不确定的。在任何其他情况下,都不需要具有虚拟析构函数。班里有什么成员是无关紧要的。
答案 1 :(得分:3)
我看到您正在“切实地”考虑可能遗漏的破坏。考虑到派生类的析构函数不仅是您编写的析构函数体,在这种情况下,您还需要考虑成员破坏,并且您的建议可能无法破坏向量(因为例程非虚拟地破坏对象不会甚至知道有一个派生部分要考虑)。矢量已动态分配了将泄漏的内容。
但是,我们甚至不需要走那么远。程序的行为是不确定的,期限,故事的结尾。优化器可以根据您的代码有效进行假设。如果不是这样,您可以并且应该预期会发生奇怪的变化,这可能与您对计算机的预期工作方式不符。这是因为C ++是一种抽象,编译很复杂,并且您与该语言签有合同。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
没有必要发生内存泄漏并仍然调用UB。如果您的派生类不简单,则内存泄漏是一种预期的UB。示例:
package com.example.aufgabe2;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.InputType;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.google.android.gms.common.ConnectionResult;
import com.google.android.gms.common.GoogleApiAvailability;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.LocationSource;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements LocationListener {
Button Open, locateme;
EditText latitude, longitude;
Double longitude_current;
Double latitude_current;
LocationManager locationManager;
String[] items_names = {"Munich", "Tunis", "Barcelone", "Frankfurt", "Wien", "paris", "london", "dubai"};
int[] Images = {R.drawable.munich, R.drawable.tunis, R.drawable.barcelona, R.drawable.frank, R.drawable.wien, R.drawable.paris, R.drawable.london, R.drawable.dubai};
String[] items_lati = {"48.13743", "36.8065", "41.3851", "50.110924", "48.210033", "48.8566", "51.5074", "25.2048"};
String[] items_lng = {"11.57549", "10.1815", "2.1734", "8.682127", "16.363449", "2.3522", "0.1278", "55.2708"};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
final ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView);
CustomAdapter customAdapter = new CustomAdapter();
listView.setAdapter(customAdapter);
listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
latitude.setText(items_lati[position]);
longitude.setText(items_lng[position]);
}
});
if (googleServiceAvailable()) {
Toast.makeText(this, "PERFEKT ", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
init();
}
latitude = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.Latitude);
longitude = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.Longitude);
Open = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
locateme = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_locate_me);
latitude.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER | InputType.TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL);
longitude.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER | InputType.TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL);
//Open button for displaying the Map
Open.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//condition here
if (longitude.length() == 0) {
longitude.setError("your longitude is empty");
} else if (latitude.length() == 0) {
latitude.setError("your latitude is empty");
} else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "values added successfully ", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
init();
}
}
});
// here is my locateme button
locateme.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
&& ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
}
Location location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(locationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
onLocationChanged(location);
}
});
}
public void init(){
Open=(Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
Open.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MapsActivity.class);
Double lati =Double.parseDouble(latitude.getText().toString());
Double longi =Double.parseDouble(longitude.getText().toString());
intent.putExtra("longitude",longi);
intent.putExtra("latitude",lati);
startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
//testing the availability of google service
public boolean googleServiceAvailable(){
GoogleApiAvailability api = GoogleApiAvailability.getInstance();
int isavailable = api.isGooglePlayServicesAvailable(this);
if (isavailable == ConnectionResult.SUCCESS){
return true;
}else if (api.isUserResolvableError(isavailable)){
Dialog dialog = api.getErrorDialog(this,isavailable,0);
dialog.show();
}else{
Toast.makeText(this,"Cant connect to play services ", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
return false;
}
@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
Toast.makeText(this,"Cant connect your current location ", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
latitude_current=location.getLatitude();
longitude_current=location.getLongitude();
latitude.setText(String.valueOf(latitude_current));
longitude.setText(String.valueOf(longitude_current));
}
@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
}
@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
}
@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
}
class CustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
@Override
public int getCount() {
return Images.length;
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return null;
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return 0;
}
@Override
public View getView(int i, View view, ViewGroup viewGroup) {
view = getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.mylist, null);
ImageView imageView = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.imageView);
TextView textView_name = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView_name);
imageView.setImageResource(Images[i]);
textView_name.setText(items_names[i]);
return view;
}
}
C ++标准[expr.delete],第3段指出(2014年版)
在第一个替代方案(删除对象)中,如果 要删除的对象与其动态类型(静态)不同 type应该是要作为对象的动态类型的基类 删除,并且静态类型应具有虚拟析构函数或 行为是不确定的。在第二个替代方案(删除数组)中,如果 要删除对象的动态类型与静态类型不同, 行为是不确定的。
实际上,如果基类是微不足道的,那么所有字段都是微不足道的,而派生类不包含非静态或非平凡的成员,可能有人会争辩说,这些类是相等的,但是我还没有找到方法通过标准证明。很可能是IB而非UB。