我正在尝试使用install_github软件包中的devtools命令。它可以在Windows 10计算机上正常运行，但无法在Ubuntu VM上运行。
例如，我可以尝试：
install_github("marcusvolz/strava")
Downloading GitHub repo marcusvolz/strava@master
Installing 22 packages: backports, cli, colorspace, digest, dplyr, ggplot2, glue, gtable, lazyeval, mgcv, nlme, pillar, purrr, Rcpp, rlang, scales, sp, stringi, tibble, vctrs, XML, zeallot
backports (1.1.0 -> 1.1.4 ) [CRAN]
cli (1.0.1 -> 1.1.0 ) [CRAN]
colorspace (1.3-2 -> 1.4-1 ) [CRAN]
digest (0.6.15 -> 0.6.19 ) [CRAN]
dplyr (0.8.0.1 -> 0.8.1 ) [CRAN]
ggplot2 (3.0.0 -> 3.1.1 ) [CRAN]
glue (1.3.0 -> 1.3.1 ) [CRAN]
gtable (0.2.0 -> 0.3.0 ) [CRAN]
lazyeval (0.2.1 -> 0.2.2 ) [CRAN]
mgcv (1.8-24 -> 1.8-28 ) [CRAN]
nlme (3.1-137 -> 3.1-140 ) [CRAN]
pillar (1.3.1 -> 1.4.0 ) [CRAN]
purrr (0.3.0 -> 0.3.2 ) [CRAN]
Rcpp (1.0.0 -> 1.0.1 ) [CRAN]
rlang (0.3.1 -> 0.3.4 ) [CRAN]
scales (0.5.0 -> 1.0.0 ) [CRAN]
sp (NA -> 1.3-1 ) [CRAN]
stringi (1.3.1 -> 1.4.3 ) [CRAN]
tibble (2.0.1 -> 2.1.1 ) [CRAN]
vctrs (NA -> 0.1.0 ) [CRAN]
XML (NA -> 3.98-1.19) [CRAN]
zeallot (NA -> 0.1.0 ) [CRAN]
Error in i.p(...): (converted from warning) installation of package ‘backports’ had non-zero exit status
Traceback:
1. install_github("marcusvolz/strava")
2. install_remotes(remotes, auth_token = auth_token, host = host,
. dependencies = dependencies, upgrade = upgrade, force = force,
. quiet = quiet, build = build, build_opts = build_opts, repos = repos,
. type = type, ...)
3. vapply(remotes, install_remote, ..., FUN.VALUE = character(1))
4. FUN(X[[i]], ...)
5. install(source, dependencies = dependencies, upgrade = upgrade,
. force = force, quiet = quiet, build = build, build_opts = build_opts,
. repos = repos, type = type, ...)
6. install_deps(pkgdir, dependencies = dependencies, quiet = quiet,
. build = build, build_opts = build_opts, upgrade = upgrade,
. repos = repos, type = type, ...)
7. update(packages, dependencies = dep_deps, quiet = quiet, upgrade = upgrade,
. build = build, build_opts = build_opts, ...)
8. update.package_deps(packages, dependencies = dep_deps, quiet = quiet,
. upgrade = upgrade, build = build, build_opts = build_opts,
. ...)
9. install_packages(object$package[object$is_cran & behind], repos = attr(object,
. "repos"), type = attr(object, "type"), dependencies = dependencies,
. quiet = quiet, ...)
10. do.call(safe_install_packages, c(list(packages, repos = repos,
. type = type, dependencies = dependencies, quiet = quiet),
. args))
11. (function (...)
. {
. lib <- paste(.libPaths(), collapse = ":")
. if (has_package("crancache") && has_package("callr")) {
. i.p <- "crancache" %::% "install_packages"
. }
. else {
. i.p <- utils::install.packages
. }
. with_envvar(c(R_LIBS = lib, R_LIBS_USER = lib, R_LIBS_SITE = lib),
. if (should_error_for_warnings()) {
. with_options(list(warn = 2), with_rprofile_user("options(warn = 2)",
. i.p(...)))
. }
. else {
. i.p(...)
. })
. })(c("backports", "cli", "colorspace", "digest", "dplyr", "ggplot2",
. "glue", "gtable", "lazyeval", "mgcv", "nlme", "pillar", "purrr",
. "Rcpp", "rlang", "scales", "sp", "stringi", "tibble", "vctrs",
. "XML", "zeallot"), repos = c(CRAN = "http://cran.cnr.berkeley.edu/"),
. type = "source", dependencies = NA, quiet = FALSE)
12. with_envvar(c(R_LIBS = lib, R_LIBS_USER = lib, R_LIBS_SITE = lib),
. if (should_error_for_warnings()) {
. with_options(list(warn = 2), with_rprofile_user("options(warn = 2)",
. i.p(...)))
. } else {
. i.p(...)
. })
13. force(code)
14. with_options(list(warn = 2), with_rprofile_user("options(warn = 2)",
. i.p(...)))
15. force(code)
16. with_rprofile_user("options(warn = 2)", i.p(...))
17. with_envvar(c(R_PROFILE_USER = temp_rprofile), {
. force(code)
. })
18. force(code)
19. force(code)
20. i.p(...)
21. warning(gettextf("installation of package %s had non-zero exit status",
. sQuote(update[i, 1L])), domain = NA)
22. .signalSimpleWarning("installation of package ‘backports’ had non-zero exit status",
. quote(i.p(...)))
23. withRestarts({
. .Internal(.signalCondition(simpleWarning(msg, call), msg,
. call))
. .Internal(.dfltWarn(msg, call))
. }, muffleWarning = function() NULL)
24. withOneRestart(expr, restarts[[1L]])
25. doWithOneRestart(return(expr), restart)
问题似乎发生在名为backports的软件包中。我尝试从CRAN（'http://cran.cnr.berkeley.edu/src/contrib/backports_1.1.4.tar.gz'）下载反向端口并从命令行运行R CMD INSTALL backports_1.1.4.tar.gz，但是得到了以下信息：
* installing to library ‘/home/<USER>/anaconda3/lib/R/library’
* installing *source* package ‘backports’ ...
** package ‘backports’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** libs
Error in if (nzchar(SHLIB_LIBADD)) SHLIB_LIBADD else character() :
argument is of length zero
* removing ‘/home/<USER>/anaconda3/lib/R/library/backports’
* restoring previous ‘/home/<USER>/anaconda3/lib/R/library/backports’
我将Makefile从Windows PC复制粘贴到我的Ubuntu VM，并添加了一个指向SHLIB_LIBADD的路径，我得到了：
* installing to library ‘/home/<USER>/anaconda3/lib/R/library’
* installing *source* package ‘backports’ ...
** package ‘backports’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** libs
/usr/bin/gcc -I"/home/<USER>/anaconda3/lib/R/include" -DNDEBUG -O3 -Wall -std=gnu99 -mtune=generic -c dotsElt.c -o dotsElt.o
/usr/bin/gcc -I"/home/<USER>/anaconda3/lib/R/include" -DNDEBUG -O3 -Wall -std=gnu99 -mtune=generic -c dotsLength.c -o dotsLength.o
/usr/bin/gcc -I"/home/<USER>/anaconda3/lib/R/include" -DNDEBUG -O3 -Wall -std=gnu99 -mtune=generic -c init.c -o init.o
/usr/bin/gcc -Wl,--export-all-symbols -shared -o backports.dll dotsElt.o dotsLength.o init.o /home/<USER>/anaconda3/lib/R/lib -L/home/<USER>/anaconda3/lib/R/bin/i386 -lR
/usr/bin/ld: unrecognized option '--export-all-symbols'
/usr/bin/ld: use the --help option for usage information
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/<USER>/anaconda3/lib/R/share/make/shlib.mk:6: backports.dll] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘backports’
* removing ‘/home/<USER>/anaconda3/lib/R/library/backports’
* restoring previous ‘/home/<USER>/anaconda3/lib/R/library/backports’
据我所知，backports实际上依赖于Github上的每个R包。它甚至依赖于我自己使用roxygen2构建的程序包，即使我没有说它应该是依赖程序。
关于发生的事情或如何解决的任何想法？
这是我的R.Version（）和session_info（）：
R.version()
$platform
'x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu'
$arch
'x86_64'
$os
'linux-gnu'
$system
'x86_64, linux-gnu'
$status
''
$major
'3'
$minor
'5.1'
$year
'2018'
$month
'07'
$day
'02'
$`svn rev`
'74947'
$language
'R'
$version.string
'R version 3.5.1 (2018-07-02)'
$nickname
'Feather Spray'
session_info()
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
setting value
version R version 3.5.1 (2018-07-02)
os Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS
system x86_64, linux-gnu
ui X11
language en_US
collate en_US.UTF-8
ctype en_US.UTF-8
tz America/New_York
date 2019-05-23
─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
package * version date lib source
assertthat 0.2.1 2019-03-21 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
backports 1.1.0 2017-05-22 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
base64enc 0.1-3 2015-07-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
callr 2.0.4 2018-05-15 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
cli 1.0.1 2018-09-25 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
crayon 1.3.4 2017-09-16 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
curl 3.2 2018-03-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
data.table 1.12.0 2019-01-13 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
desc 1.2.0 2018-05-01 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
devtools * 2.0.2 2019-04-08 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
digest 0.6.15 2018-01-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
evaluate 0.13 2019-02-12 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
fs 1.2.6 2018-08-23 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
githubinstall * 0.2.2 2018-02-18 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
glue 1.3.0 2018-07-17 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
htmltools 0.3.6 2017-04-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
httr 1.3.1 2017-08-20 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
IRdisplay 0.7.0 2018-11-29 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
IRkernel 0.8.12 2018-10-02 [1] local
jsonlite 1.5 2017-06-01 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
magrittr 1.5 2014-11-22 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
memoise 1.1.0 2017-04-21 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
pbdZMQ 0.3-3 2018-05-05 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
pkgbuild 1.0.2 2018-10-16 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
pkgload 1.0.2 2018-10-29 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
prettyunits 1.0.2 2015-07-13 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
processx 3.1.0 2018-05-15 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
R6 2.4.0 2019-02-14 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
Rcpp 1.0.0 2018-11-07 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
remotes 2.0.2 2018-10-30 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
repr 0.19.2 2019-02-06 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
rlang 0.3.1 2019-01-08 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
rprojroot 1.3-2 2018-01-03 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
sessioninfo 1.1.1 2018-11-05 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
testthat 2.0.0 2017-12-13 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
usethis * 1.4.0 2018-08-14 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
uuid 0.1-2 2015-07-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
withr 2.1.2 2018-03-15 [1] CRAN (R 3.5.1)
[1] /home/<USER>/anaconda3/lib/R/library