我在PostgreSQL 9.0.3数据库中有一个简单的表,用于保存从风力发电机控制器轮询的数据。每行代表特定时间特定传感器的值。目前该表有大约90M行:
wtdata=> \d integer_data
Table "public.integer_data"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+--------------------------+-----------
date | timestamp with time zone | not null
name | character varying(64) | not null
value | integer | not null
Indexes:
"integer_data_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (date, name)
"integer_data_date_idx" btree (date)
"integer_data_name_idx" btree (name)
我需要的一个查询是查找变量上次更新的时间:
select max(date) from integer_data where name = '<name of variable>';
在搜索表中存在的变量时,此查询正常工作:
wtdata=> select max(date) from integer_data where name = 'STATUS_OF_OUTPUTS_UINT16';
max
------------------------
2011-04-11 02:01:40-05
(1 row)
但是,如果我尝试搜索表中不存在的变量,查询会挂起(或者需要的时间比我耐心的时间长):
select max(date) from integer_data where name = 'Message';
我让查询运行了几个小时,有时甚至几天都没有结束。表中没有名称='Message'的行:
wtdata=> select count(*) from integer_data where name = 'Message';
count
-------
0
(1 row)
我不明白为什么一个查询很快而另一个需要永远。由于某种原因,查询是否被迫以某种方式扫描整个表?
wtdata=> explain select max(date) from integer_data where name = 'Message';
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Result (cost=13.67..13.68 rows=1 width=0)
InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
-> Limit (cost=0.00..13.67 rows=1 width=8)
-> Index Scan Backward using integer_data_pkey on integer_data (cost=0.00..6362849.53 rows=465452 width=8)
Index Cond: ((date IS NOT NULL) AND ((name)::text = 'Message'::text))
(5 rows)
以下是快速查询的查询计划:
wtdata=> explain select max(date) from integer_data where name = 'STATUS_OF_OUTPUTS_UINT16';
QUERY PLAN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Result (cost=4.64..4.65 rows=1 width=0)
InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
-> Limit (cost=0.00..4.64 rows=1 width=8)
-> Index Scan Backward using integer_data_pkey on integer_data (cost=0.00..16988170.38 rows=3659570 width=8)
Index Cond: ((date IS NOT NULL) AND ((name)::text = 'STATUS_OF_OUTPUTS_UINT16'::text))
(5 rows)
答案 0 :(得分:1)
将主键更改为(姓名,日期)。