我想读取较大的二进制文件并分成6个字节的块。例如,现在我可以在82秒内读取1GB二进制文件,但是它太慢了。 达到最大速度的最佳方法是什么?
请注意,我不能使用struct
。因为我选择的块不是2(6字节)的幂。
with open(file, "rb") as infile:
data_arr = []
start = time()
while True:
data = infile.read(6)
if not data: break
data_arr.append(data)
答案 0 :(得分:1)
您有几种不同的选择。您的主要问题是,由于块的大小较小(6个字节),因此在获取块和进行垃圾收集时会花费大量开销。
有两种主要的解决方法:
将整个文件加载到内存中,然后将其分成多个块。这是最快的方法,但是文件越大,很有可能就会开始遇到MemoryErrors。
一次将一个块加载到内存中,对其进行处理,然后继续进行下一个块。总体而言,这并不是更快的方法,但是可以节省前期时间,因为您无需等待整个文件加载就可以开始处理。
组合使用1.和2.(将文件缓冲成大块并将其分成较小的块,以块大小的倍数加载文件,等等)进行实验。留给观看者练习,因为需要大量实验才能找到可以快速正确地工作的代码。
一些代码,带有时间比较:
import timeit
def read_original(filename):
with open(filename, "rb") as infile:
data_arr = []
while True:
data = infile.read(6)
if not data:
break
data_arr.append(data)
return data_arr
# the bigger the file, the more likely this is to cause python to crash
def read_better(filename):
with open(filename, "rb") as infile:
# read everything into memory at once
data = infile.read()
# separate string into 6-byte chunks
data_arr = [data[i:i+6] for i in range(0, len(data), 6)]
return data_arr
# no faster than the original, but allows you to work on each piece without loading the whole into memory
def read_iter(filename):
with open(filename, "rb") as infile:
data = infile.read(6)
while data:
yield data
data = infile.read(6)
def main():
# 93.8688215 s
tm = timeit.timeit(stmt="read_original('test/oraociei12.dll')", setup="from __main__ import read_original", number=10)
print(tm)
# 85.69337399999999 s
tm = timeit.timeit(stmt="read_better('test/oraociei12.dll')", setup="from __main__ import read_better", number=10)
print(tm)
# 103.0508528 s
tm = timeit.timeit(stmt="[x for x in read_iter('test/oraociei12.dll')]", setup="from __main__ import read_iter", number=10)
print(tm)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
答案 1 :(得分:0)
这种方式要快得多。
import sys
from functools import partial
SIX = 6
MULTIPLIER = 30000
SIX_COUNT = SIX * MULTIPLIER
def do(data):
for chunk in iter(partial(data.read, SIX_COUNT), b""):
six_list = [ chunk[i:i+SIX] for i in range(0, len(chunk), SIX) ]
if __name__ == "__main__":
args = sys.argv[1:]
for arg in args:
with open(arg,'rb') as data:
do(data)