我已经将我的spring parent从2.1.3更新到2.1.4 Release，所以在启动应用程序时遇到一些异常之后。有版本问题吗？
用于运行的命令：mvn spring-boot：run
java版本：11
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.sample.business</groupId>
<artifactId>sample-order-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>sample-order-service</name>
<description>sample Order Service</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>11</java.version>
<jaxb-runtime.version>2.4.0-b180830.0438</jaxb-runtime.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.M1</spring-cloud.version>
<sample.version>1.0</sample.version>
<swagger.version>2.9.2</swagger.version>
<jjwt.version>0.9.1</jjwt.version>
<json.version>20180813</json.version>
<mysql.version>8.0.11</mysql.version>
<commons-io.version>2.6</commons-io.version>
<commons-lang.version>2.6</commons-lang.version>
<commons-pool2.version>2.5.0</commons-pool2.version>
<redis.version>2.9.1</redis.version>
<velocity.version>1.7</velocity.version>
<velocity-tools.version>2.0</velocity-tools.version>
<logstash-logback-encoder.version>5.3</logstash-logback-encoder.version>
<httpclient.version>4.5.6</httpclient.version>
<env>dev</env>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- Start: Spring Libraries -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-oauth2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-oauth2-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-sleuth</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- End: Spring Libraries -->
<!-- Adding JAXB Runtime since it is not shipped with JDK 9+ -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
<version>${jaxb-runtime.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Start: Swagger Libraries -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.springfox/springfox-swagger2 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
<version>${swagger.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.springfox/springfox-swagger-ui -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
<version>${swagger.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- End: Swagger Libraries -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.json/json -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version>${json.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Json Web Token Binary -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>${jjwt.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Logstash Log Encoder -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.logstash.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logstash-logback-encoder</artifactId>
<version>${logstash-logback-encoder.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version><!--$NO-MVN-MAN-VER$-->
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>${commons-io.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-pool2 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
<version>${commons-pool2.version}</version><!--$NO-MVN-MAN-VER$-->
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/redis.clients/jedis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>${redis.version}</version><!--$NO-MVN-MAN-VER$-->
</dependency>
<!-- velocity -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
<artifactId>velocity</artifactId>
<version>${velocity.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
<artifactId>velocity-tools</artifactId>
<version>${velocity-tools.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>${httpclient.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Start: Spring Boot and Security Test Libraries -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- End: Spring Boot and Security Test Libraries -->
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<finalName>sample-order-service</finalName>
<filters>
<filter>${env}-build.properties</filter>
</filters>
<resources>
<resource>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<directory>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
</resource>
</resources>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<release>${java.version}</release>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifestEntries>
<Automatic-Module-Name>com.sample.business.order</Automatic-Module-Name>
</manifestEntries>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
日志：
2019-05-14 18:40:30.277 INFO [sample-order-service,,,] 10916 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8083 (http)
2019-05-14 18:40:30.494 ERROR [sample-order-service,,,] 10916 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase : A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [NonLoginAuthenticator[StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]]
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:191)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:909)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:831)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:140)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:423)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:928)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:455)
at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.initialize(TomcatWebServer.java:106)
at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.<init>(TomcatWebServer.java:86)
at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getTomcatWebServer(TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java:427)
at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getWebServer(TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java:180)
at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.createWebServer(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:181)
at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.onRefresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:154)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543)
at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:142)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:775)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:397)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:316)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1260)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1248)
at com.sample.business.order.OrderServiceApplication.main(OrderServiceApplication.java:30)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
at org.springframework.boot.maven.AbstractRunMojo$LaunchRunner.run(AbstractRunMojo.java:558)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [NonLoginAuthenticator[StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:441)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:198)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.startInternal(StandardPipeline.java:181)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5060)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:140)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
... 35 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String;
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.startInternal(AuthenticatorBase.java:1178)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
... 45 common frames omitted
2019-05-14 18:40:30.579 ERROR [sample-order-service,,,] 10916 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase : A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:191)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:909)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:423)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:928)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:455)
at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.initialize(TomcatWebServer.java:106)
at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.<init>(TomcatWebServer.java:86)
at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getTomcatWebServer(TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java:427)
at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getWebServer(TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java:180)
at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.createWebServer(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:181)
at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.onRefresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:154)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543)
at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:142)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:775)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:397)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:316)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1260)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1248)
at com.sample.business.order.OrderServiceApplication.main(OrderServiceApplication.java:30)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
at org.springframework.boot.maven.AbstractRunMojo$LaunchRunner.run(AbstractRunMojo.java:558)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:921)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:831)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:140)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
... 27 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [NonLoginAuthenticator[StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]]
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:191)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:909)
... 35 common frames omitted
我尝试了干净的构建，并且Maven仓库仍然没有运气。有什么版本问题吗？
答案 0 :(得分：1)
像这样的问题通常意味着您对类路径的依赖太旧了。当使用Maven之类的工具时，会发生这种情况，因为它具有传递依赖项的概念，这意味着引入依赖项是因为另一个依赖项指示您需要它们。这很方便...并且容易出错。
从异常堆栈跟踪中可以很清楚地了解到，这与servlet类有关，这意味着它是servlet-api.jar（查找类名通常是找出类是什么jar的简便方法。如果您不是偶然通过经验知道的话。
知道它可能是哪个jar后，您可以执行maven命令
mvn dependency:tree
使Maven生成所有依赖项，其版本和范围的列表。搜索此内容，您可以找到将罐子插入的位置。
因此，在这种情况下，如注释中所述，依赖速度工具正在引入servlet-api，并且它是一个较旧的版本（2.3版，我将通过查看pom of that dependency来猜测）。知道了这一点，您可以采取一些基本步骤来纠正这种情况。这是我通常申请的三个，一个不好的主意。
1。删除有问题的依赖项（在这种情况下为速度工具）
这仅在您实际上不需要该依赖项时才有意义。实际上，与Maven poms相比，这种情况经常发生。我们都喜欢稍微粗心地复制/粘贴。
2。升级依赖项
也许需要root依赖，但是仍在使用非常旧的版本。依赖关系问题可以在较新的更新中解决（速度工具似乎也是如此）。从历史上看，Maven Central中的依赖关系并没有过多地关注于为它们的传递性依赖关系声明正确的作用域，并且可能将比实际需要更多的依赖关系放在编译作用域中。近年来，这已经有了很大的改善，但是当包含非常老的依赖版本时，您仍然会遇到问题。
3。自己声明传递依赖项的正确版本和范围
说servlet-api正在编译范围内插入-错误。 Servlet-api绝不能与您的应用程序一起部署，服务器（Tomcat）提供。真正的目的是依赖，因此您可以编译使用Servlet API的代码。
因此，如果您确实遇到了必须包含编译依赖关系但不能将其从部署中删除的情况，则可以在优先考虑的pom（或父pom）中自己进行管理。
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
4。添加排除项（不推荐）
如果您确实确实需要根依赖，则可能仍然是引入的传递依赖（在这种情况下为servlet-api）与您的代码完全无关。在这种情况下，您可以添加排除项。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
<artifactId>velocity-tools</artifactId>
<version>1.3</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
排除规则应该是不得已的方法，因为它们难以维护；他们本质上是黑客。向一个依赖项添加排除项并不能保证该依赖项会消失，因为它也可能会被拉到其他位置。只要有可能，就可以通过其他三个选项之一来管理依赖项，请避免使用排除项。