我正在寻找一种干净简单的方法来将方法混入不同的类。我能够找到的大多数示例都使用JS prototype,例如this
示例代码:
const _ = require("underscore")
let actions = {
speak() {
console.log(this.name + " animal speak")
},
look() {
console.log(this.name + " animal looks")
}
}
class Dog {
constructor(name) {
console.log("new Dog", name)
this.name = name
// modify instance and return
let that = _.extend(this, actions)
return that
}
speak() {
console.log(this.name + " dog speaks")
}
bark() {
console.log(this.name + " dog barks")
}
}
function test() {
let rover = new Dog("rover")
// speak in "actions" overrides Dog.speak method
rover.speak() // => rover animal speak
// runtime works but ts-lint doesn't like it
// look property doesn't exist on type 'dog'
rover.look() // => rover animal looks
// from dog since the method doesn't exist on actions
rover.bark() // => rover dog barks
}
test()
所以要使用原型,我可以将上面的内容修改为:
Object.assign(Dog.prototype, actions)
,然后仅使用可返回this
class Dog {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name
}
...
}
Object.assign(Dog.prototype, actions)
在两种情况下,mixin speak
方法都将替换Dog Class speak
方法,好的。
所以我的问题是:是否还有其他更简单/更清洁的方法来混合类中的方法?
在添加原型方面,上述内容有什么问题吗?这是创建实际方法的副本吗?如果只是在原型中,而不是在每个实例中,我想都可以,但是还不能完全消除那里的任何内存问题。
答案 0 :(得分:0)
除了使用mixins之外,您还可以使用extends
继承继承类上的方法。
与mixins相比,继承的缺点是您一次只能扩展一个类,但是可以使用多个mixins。因此,这取决于您使用哪种用例。
这里是一个例子:
class Animal {
constructor(name) {
console.log("new", this.constructor.name, name)
this.name = name
}
speak() {
console.log(this.name + " animal speak")
}
look() {
console.log(this.name + " animal looks")
}
}
class Dog extends Animal {
constructor(name) {
super(name)
}
speak() {
console.log(this.name + " dog speaks")
}
bark() {
console.log(this.name + " dog barks")
}
}
const dog = new Dog('Fred')
// Will call the overridden speak method on Dog
dog.speak() // Fred dog speaks
// Will call look on Animal as it hasn't been overriden in Dog
dog.look() // Fred animal looks